Abstract: Abstract: From the view of evolution, this paper introduced that different organisms adopt different behavioral strategies to cope with stress and have different underlying physiological foundation inducing different vulnerability to stress-related diseases. The differences in behavioral strategies and physiological foundation induced the different benefits and costs (allostatic load) of allostasis in stress. The benefits and costs of allostasis lead to the balance of health and disease. Aggressive individual, due to inefficient management of mediators of allostasis, is prone to impulse control disorders, hypertension, autoimmune disease, chronic fatigue states, etc. In contrast, passive individual, due to the greater release of mediators of allostasis, is more susceptible to anxiety disorders, depression, metabolic syndromes, etc

Key words: stress, evolution, allostasis, behavioral strategy, stress-related diseases