退休规划的研究现状和本土化发展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00251

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

退休规划是个体在退休前为保障将来的退休生活做出的长期准备。退休规划不仅有利于退休人员生活幸福, 还有助于缓解社会保障体系的压力, 在较早进入老龄化的国家已经得到重视。通过回顾国外相关研究, 本文归纳出退休规划的六个具体领域(财务、健康、社交休闲、工作、心理、居住), 总结并评价了过去研究应用的主要理论基础(角色理论、计划过程理论、资源视角、生态系统理论)和有代表性的测量工具。汇总分析了退休规划在人口学、环境和心理三层面上的影响因素以及对过渡型就业和退休适应两阶段的影响。基于研究概念的发展以及中国国情, 未来研究应该首先开发本土化工具, 合理选择理论视角并系统研究规划的各个领域, 验证并创新退休规划的影响因素研究, 注重中国国情问题并加强干预研究。

关键词: 老龄化, 退休, 退休规划, 过渡型就业, 退休适应

Abstract:

Retirement planning refers to one’s long-term effort in preparation for his/her post-retirement life. It has garnered increasing attention in countries that have entered into aging societies. Retirement planning will not only benefit retirees’ well-being, but will also help reduce the pressure confronted by the Social Security system. Based on the literature of retirement planning, this review provides a summary of studies in six major planning domains (i.e., financial, health and well-being-related, social activities/leisure-related, work-related, psychological, and housing), four main theoretical framework (i.e., role theory, planning- process theory, resource theory, and ecological systems theory), and representative measurement. Furthermore, this review discussed demographic factors, environment factors, and psychological factors as the antecedents of retirement planning and its consequences on bridge employment and retirement adjustment. According to the theoretical development and the current realities in China, it is recommended that future research should develop localized measurement tools, choose the appropriate theoretical framework, and systematically study retirement planning in various domains. Future research should also innovatively examine other antecedents of retirement planning. In addition, researchers could conduct intervention studies on retirement planning that correspond to China’s national realities.

Key words: aging, retirement, retirement planning, bridge employment, retirement adjustment

中图分类号:

B844

张丽瑶, 王忠军. (2019). 退休规划的研究现状和本土化发展. 心理科学进展 , 27(2), 251-267.

ZHANG Liyao, WANG Zhongjun. (2019). Research status and localization development of retirement planning. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(2), 251-267.

图/表 3

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研究者／量表开发者(年代)	国家	结构维度	计分方式	题目数量
Dorfman (1989)	美国	正式／非正式	4点计分(0=没有, 3=非常多) 是否	12
Juster & Suzman (HRS, 1995)	美国	财务／非财务／正式／非正式
Glass &Flynn (2000)	美国	退休活动／财务支持／身体健康／幸福感／居住／家庭因素	4点计分(1=有计划, 4= 还没开始)	59
Lim (2003)	新加坡		4点计分(1=从不, 4=经常)	7
Lee & Law (2004)	中国香港	财务／健康／生活安排/心理规划	是否	19
Mock & Cornelius (2007)	美国	财务／生活方式规划(包括健康／居住／休闲／工作)	百分制	7
Griffin & Hesketh (2008)	澳大利亚	财务／非财务规划		11
Petroska & Earl (RPQ, 2009)	澳大利亚	财务／健康／人际休闲／工作规划	是否	36
Muratore & Earl (RPQII, 2010)	澳大利亚	公共保护／自办保险／自我保护	5点计分(1=非常少的努力, 5=非常多的努力)	28
Noone, Stephens, & Alpass (2009)	新西兰	财务／社会心理规划	4点计分(0=没有, 3=非常多) 是否	5
Noone, Stephens, & Alpass (PRePS, 2010)	新西兰	财务／健康／生活方式／社会心理
Yeung (2013)	中国香港	财务／健康／社会生活／心理	是否	20

研究者／量表开发者(年代)	国家	结构维度	计分方式	题目数量
Dorfman (1989)	美国	正式／非正式	4点计分(0=没有, 3=非常多) 是否	12
Juster & Suzman (HRS, 1995)	美国	财务／非财务／正式／非正式
Glass &Flynn (2000)	美国	退休活动／财务支持／身体健康／幸福感／居住／家庭因素	4点计分(1=有计划, 4= 还没开始)	59
Lim (2003)	新加坡		4点计分(1=从不, 4=经常)	7
Lee & Law (2004)	中国香港	财务／健康／生活安排/心理规划	是否	19
Mock & Cornelius (2007)	美国	财务／生活方式规划(包括健康／居住／休闲／工作)	百分制	7
Griffin & Hesketh (2008)	澳大利亚	财务／非财务规划		11
Petroska & Earl (RPQ, 2009)	澳大利亚	财务／健康／人际休闲／工作规划	是否	36
Muratore & Earl (RPQII, 2010)	澳大利亚	公共保护／自办保险／自我保护	5点计分(1=非常少的努力, 5=非常多的努力)	28
Noone, Stephens, & Alpass (2009)	新西兰	财务／社会心理规划	4点计分(0=没有, 3=非常多) 是否	5
Noone, Stephens, & Alpass (PRePS, 2010)	新西兰	财务／健康／生活方式／社会心理
Yeung (2013)	中国香港	财务／健康／社会生活／心理	是否	20

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