心理科学进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 1057-1072.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2024.01057
收稿日期:
2024-03-22
出版日期:
2024-07-15
发布日期:
2024-05-09
通讯作者:
易颜熙
E-mail:u137088g@ecs.osaka-u.ac.jp
基金资助:
WANG Wangshuai1, YI Yanxi2(), LUO Zhiwei1, LI Jie1
Received:
2024-03-22
Online:
2024-07-15
Published:
2024-05-09
Contact:
YI Yanxi
E-mail:u137088g@ecs.osaka-u.ac.jp
摘要:
在竞争压力面前, 人们选择了两种完全相反的策略, 分别是内卷与躺平。为了解释这一看似矛盾的选择, 本研究区分了竞争压力的维度属性, 并基于心理补偿理论, 探讨了个体在面对不同类型的竞争压力时的补偿策略。具体来说, 竞争压力包括竞争结果压力与竞争过程压力两种。其中, 竞争结果压力威胁到人们的自尊, 进而促使其选择流动补偿策略, 形成内卷效应。竞争过程压力则威胁个体的幸福感, 促使其选择逃避补偿策略, 形成躺平效应。研究发现将有效地补充竞争压力、心理补偿、自尊和幸福感领域的文献。
中图分类号:
王汪帅, 易颜熙, 罗芷薇, 厉杰. (2024). 内卷还是躺平?竞争压力如何影响心理补偿. 心理科学进展 , 32(7), 1057-1072.
WANG Wangshuai, YI Yanxi, LUO Zhiwei, LI Jie. (2024). “Rat Race” or “Lying Flat”? The effect of competition stress on psychological compensation. Advances in Psychological Science, 32(7), 1057-1072.
竞争压力 | 单纯性压力 | 社会比较压力 | 资源稀缺压力 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
压力来源 | 社会资源的争夺 | 不确定 | 与外界的对比 | 资源的短缺 |
社会属性 | 强 | 不确定 | 强 | 不确定 |
施压对象 | 利益冲突者 | 无直接利益关系 | 无直接利益关系 | 无直接利益关系 |
持续时长 | 较漫长 | 不确定 | 较短暂 | 不确定 |
表1 竞争压力、单纯性压力、社会比较压力及资源稀缺压力的区别
竞争压力 | 单纯性压力 | 社会比较压力 | 资源稀缺压力 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
压力来源 | 社会资源的争夺 | 不确定 | 与外界的对比 | 资源的短缺 |
社会属性 | 强 | 不确定 | 强 | 不确定 |
施压对象 | 利益冲突者 | 无直接利益关系 | 无直接利益关系 | 无直接利益关系 |
持续时长 | 较漫长 | 不确定 | 较短暂 | 不确定 |
图1 研究设计逻辑图1(1为了与Mandel等(2017, 2021)的补偿理论保持一致, 我们沿用了其提出的流动和逃避补偿, 因此没有直接使用内卷和躺平补偿。),2(2压力状态确实可能同时对个体造成多种威胁, 但是, 我们认为结果压力更容易威胁自尊, 而过程压力则更可能威胁幸福。原因在于: 竞争结果压力的触发因素是与结果相关的反馈, 例如对失败结果的担忧, 这将直接降低个体的自我评价, 进而威胁其自尊。不同的是, 竞争过程压力引发的是时间长、程度高的不确定性, 因此对幸福感的负面作用更为显著(详见3.2.2和3.3.2的论述)。)
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