儿童和青少年同伴侵害与攻击行为关系的三水平元分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00275

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

攻击行为在儿童和青少年的社会、情感和心理适应中发挥着重要作用, 而同伴侵害是儿童和青少年攻击行为一个重要的预测因素。先前的一些研究已经考察了儿童和青少年同伴侵害与攻击行为之间的关系, 但是尚不完全清楚调节效应对二者关系的影响。因此当前研究采用三水平元分析方法检验效应量的可靠性和一系列调节效应。在系统地搜索了2020年10月之前发表的文献后, 当前元分析确定了40项研究, 包括25605名被试, 共计333个效应量。主效应检验发现儿童和青少年的同伴侵害与攻击行为呈显著正相关。此外, 调节效应检验发现同伴侵害变量具有显著的调节作用。与身体侵害相比, 关系侵害与儿童和青少年攻击行为之间的相关更强。儿童和青少年的同伴侵害与攻击行为也受到了地区的调节, 它们之间的关系在亚洲地区比在南美洲地区更强。研究设计也是一个显著的调节变量, 儿童和青少年同伴侵害与攻击行为的相关在纵向研究中比在横向研究中更低。最后, 当前元分析的结果显示同伴侵害的报告者也是一个显著的调节变量。与同伴报告的同伴侵害相比, 教师报告的同伴侵害与儿童和青少年攻击行为之间的相关较高。当前研究的结果指出, 在预防、控制儿童和青少年的攻击行为时应该注意同伴侵害对其的影响。

关键词: 儿童和青少年, 同伴侵害, 攻击行为, 三水平元分析, 调节效应

Abstract:

Aggressive behavior plays an important role in the social, emotional and psychological adjustment of children and adolescents. Children and adolescents with aggressive behavior are prone to violate social moral norms, and even commit crimes in serious cases. It is noted that peer victimization is an important predictor of aggressive behavior. Peer victimization refers to that individuals have experienced attacks by peers, such as physical and verbal victimization, attacks on property and social manipulation. Children and adolescents who have been victimized by peers will characterize the attacker as hostility, which will be generalized to the whole peer group, thus showing more aggressive behavior in future interpersonal communication. Several previous studies have examined the relationship between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. However, due to differences in research design and inconsistent results, there is still some uncertainty about the relationship between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents, and the moderating effect on this relationship is not fully clear. Therefore, the present study employed a three-level meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize the results of original literatures to obtain reliable estimates of effect sizes and examined a range of moderators (sample, publication, study design, outcome, and assessment characteristics). Through the retrieval of articles published before October 2020, the current meta-analysis identified 40 studies, with 25,605 participants (range of mean age: 6 ~ 19 years) and 333 independent effect sizes. The funnel plot and Egger's test results suggested an absence of publication bias in current meta-analysis. Analysis revealed a significant positive association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents (r = 0.295, p < 0.001), implying that children and adolescents showed a higher level of aggressive behavior when they experienced higher level of peer victimization. In addition, the present study found a significant moderating effect of peer victimization variable. Compared with physical victimization (r = 0.219, p = 0.005), the association between relational victimization (r = 0.298, p = 0.005) and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was stronger. Moreover, the overall association was influenced by region. Aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was more strongly associated with peer victimization in Asia (r = 0.351, p = 0.006) than in South America (r = 0.149, p = 0.006). Study design was also a significant moderator. The association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was smaller in longitudinal (r = 0.234, p = 0.014) than in cross-sectional studies (r = 0.339, p = 0.014). Finally, the moderator analyses also showed that the informant of peer victimization was a significant moderator. The strength of the association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was significantly stronger when peer victimization was reported by teachers (r = 0.476, p = 0.023) than by peers (r = 0.290, p = 0.023). In addition, the present study found that the overall association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents did not differ in strength across gender, age, publication, variable and informant of aggressive behavior. Moreover, to eliminate the multicollinearity between moderators, the current study built a multivariate model by including all significant moderators that had been identified in the bivariate models. The result indicated that at least one of the regression coefficients of moderators significantly deviates from zero (F (12, 316) = 3.973, p < 0.001). In sum, the results of the current meta-analysis contribute to a better understanding of the association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. These results also provide a reference for future empirical studies on explaining aggressive behavior in children and adolescents.

Key words: children and adolescents, peer victimization, aggressive behavior, three-level meta-analysis, moderate effect

中图分类号:

B844

陈静, 冉光明, 张琪, 牛湘. (2022). 儿童和青少年同伴侵害与攻击行为关系的三水平元分析. 心理科学进展 , 30(2), 275-290.

CHEN Jing, RAN Guangming, ZHANG Qi, NIU Xiang. (2022). The association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents: A three-level meta-analysis. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(2), 275-290.

图/表 5

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第一作者发表时间	效应量数	样本量	性别	地区	同伴侵害变量	攻击变量	同伴侵害报告者	攻击报告者	研究设计	发表状态
纪林芹等, 2012	4	1806	0.50	亚洲	P/R	P/R	S	P	横向	已发表
李腾飞, 2017	4	1508	0.51	亚洲	A	A	S	P	纵向	未发表
刘娟, 2011	12	1937	0.50	亚洲	P/R	P/R	S	P	横向	未发表
王建平等, 2020	3	1347	0.49	亚洲	A	P/V/R	S	S	横向	已发表
薛雯雯等, 2015	1	845	0.22	亚洲	A	A	S	S	横向	已发表
叶诗敏, 2018	20	551	0.54	亚洲	A/P/V/R	A/P/V/R	S	S	横向	未发表
Adams et al., 2010	1	367	0.48	北美	A	R	P	P	横向	已发表
Arnocky & Vaillancourt, 2012	2	350	0.49	北美	A	P	S/P	P	纵向	已发表
Bass et al., 2018	24	865	0.55	亚洲/北美/南美	A	P/R	P	P	横向	已发表
Boivin & Hymel, 1997	1	793	0.50	北美	A	A	P	P	横向	已发表
Brendgen et al., 2011	1	434	0.50	北美	A	A	P	P	横向	已发表
Brendgen et al., 2015	2	394	0.52	北美	A	P/R	S	P	横向	已发表
Cooley, 2010	2	253	0.39	北美	R	A	S	S/P	横向	未发表
Cooley & Fite, 2016	8	278	0.48	北美	A	P/R	S/T	T	纵向	已发表
Cooley et al., 2017	8	228	0.50	北美	A	P/R	S	T	纵向	已发表
Ettekal & Ladd, 2017	121	482	0.50	北美	P/V/R	P/V/R	P	P	纵向	已发表
Ferguson et al., 2016	8	357	0.52	大洋	R	R	P	P	纵向	已发表
Graham et al., 2006	1	1985	0.46	北美	A	A	P	P	横向	已发表
Huesmann et al., 1994	2	179	0.46	北美	A	A	P	P/T	横向	已发表
Kawabata et al., 2010a	16	138	0.50	亚洲	P/R	P/R	T	T	纵向	已发表
Kawabata & Crick, 2013	8	232	0.55	北美	P/R	P/R	P	P	横向	已发表
Khatri et al., 2000	8	471	0.46	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	已发表
Kliewer et al., 2012	4	228	0.45	北美	P/R	P/R	S	S	纵向	已发表
Martínez et al., 2018	6	1952	0.50	欧洲	P/V/R	R	S	S	横向	已发表
Mathieson et al., 2014	1	499	0.49	北美	R	R	T	T	横向	已发表
McQuade, 2017	8	61	0.48	北美	P/R	P/R	C	C	纵向	已发表
Morrow et al., 2016	1	516	0.46	北美	A	A	P	T	横向	已发表
Österman, 1994	4	404	0.50	—	A	P/V	C	C	横向	已发表
Ostrov & Godleski, 2013	6	1035	0.50	北美	R	P/R	M	T	纵向	已发表
Perry et al., 1988	1	165	0.50	北美	A	A	C	P	横向	已发表
Pouwels & Cillessen, 2013	1	333	0.50	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	已发表
Reavis, 2011	16	1312	—	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	未发表
Rudolph et al., 2010	1	132	0.48	北美	A	A	S	T	纵向	已发表
Santo et al., 2017	4	823	0.49	南美	A	P/R	P	P	横向	已发表
Schwartz et al., 2008	1	199	0.53	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	已发表
	1	310	0.49	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	已发表
Shin et al., 2014	4	227	0.53	亚洲	A	A	S/P	S/P	横向	已发表
Sullivan et al., 2006	4	276	0.42	北美	P/R	P/R	S	S	横向	已发表
Taylor et al., 2013	4	326	0.46	北美	P/R	A	S	S/C	纵向	已发表
Toomey et al., 2014	8	318	0.44	北美	R	R	S/P	S/P	横向	已发表
Zhao et al., 2020	1	689	0.51	亚洲	A	A	S	S	横向	已发表

第一作者发表时间	效应量数	样本量	性别	地区	同伴侵害变量	攻击变量	同伴侵害报告者	攻击报告者	研究设计	发表状态
纪林芹等, 2012	4	1806	0.50	亚洲	P/R	P/R	S	P	横向	已发表
李腾飞, 2017	4	1508	0.51	亚洲	A	A	S	P	纵向	未发表
刘娟, 2011	12	1937	0.50	亚洲	P/R	P/R	S	P	横向	未发表
王建平等, 2020	3	1347	0.49	亚洲	A	P/V/R	S	S	横向	已发表
薛雯雯等, 2015	1	845	0.22	亚洲	A	A	S	S	横向	已发表
叶诗敏, 2018	20	551	0.54	亚洲	A/P/V/R	A/P/V/R	S	S	横向	未发表
Adams et al., 2010	1	367	0.48	北美	A	R	P	P	横向	已发表
Arnocky & Vaillancourt, 2012	2	350	0.49	北美	A	P	S/P	P	纵向	已发表
Bass et al., 2018	24	865	0.55	亚洲/北美/南美	A	P/R	P	P	横向	已发表
Boivin & Hymel, 1997	1	793	0.50	北美	A	A	P	P	横向	已发表
Brendgen et al., 2011	1	434	0.50	北美	A	A	P	P	横向	已发表
Brendgen et al., 2015	2	394	0.52	北美	A	P/R	S	P	横向	已发表
Cooley, 2010	2	253	0.39	北美	R	A	S	S/P	横向	未发表
Cooley & Fite, 2016	8	278	0.48	北美	A	P/R	S/T	T	纵向	已发表
Cooley et al., 2017	8	228	0.50	北美	A	P/R	S	T	纵向	已发表
Ettekal & Ladd, 2017	121	482	0.50	北美	P/V/R	P/V/R	P	P	纵向	已发表
Ferguson et al., 2016	8	357	0.52	大洋	R	R	P	P	纵向	已发表
Graham et al., 2006	1	1985	0.46	北美	A	A	P	P	横向	已发表
Huesmann et al., 1994	2	179	0.46	北美	A	A	P	P/T	横向	已发表
Kawabata et al., 2010a	16	138	0.50	亚洲	P/R	P/R	T	T	纵向	已发表
Kawabata & Crick, 2013	8	232	0.55	北美	P/R	P/R	P	P	横向	已发表
Khatri et al., 2000	8	471	0.46	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	已发表
Kliewer et al., 2012	4	228	0.45	北美	P/R	P/R	S	S	纵向	已发表
Martínez et al., 2018	6	1952	0.50	欧洲	P/V/R	R	S	S	横向	已发表
Mathieson et al., 2014	1	499	0.49	北美	R	R	T	T	横向	已发表
McQuade, 2017	8	61	0.48	北美	P/R	P/R	C	C	纵向	已发表
Morrow et al., 2016	1	516	0.46	北美	A	A	P	T	横向	已发表
Österman, 1994	4	404	0.50	—	A	P/V	C	C	横向	已发表
Ostrov & Godleski, 2013	6	1035	0.50	北美	R	P/R	M	T	纵向	已发表
Perry et al., 1988	1	165	0.50	北美	A	A	C	P	横向	已发表
Pouwels & Cillessen, 2013	1	333	0.50	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	已发表
Reavis, 2011	16	1312	—	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	未发表
Rudolph et al., 2010	1	132	0.48	北美	A	A	S	T	纵向	已发表
Santo et al., 2017	4	823	0.49	南美	A	P/R	P	P	横向	已发表
Schwartz et al., 2008	1	199	0.53	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	已发表
	1	310	0.49	北美	A	A	P	P	纵向	已发表
Shin et al., 2014	4	227	0.53	亚洲	A	A	S/P	S/P	横向	已发表
Sullivan et al., 2006	4	276	0.42	北美	P/R	P/R	S	S	横向	已发表
Taylor et al., 2013	4	326	0.46	北美	P/R	A	S	S/C	纵向	已发表
Toomey et al., 2014	8	318	0.44	北美	R	R	S/P	S/P	横向	已发表
Zhao et al., 2020	1	689	0.51	亚洲	A	A	S	S	横向	已发表

调节变量	k	%
(1) 样本特征
a. 性别	317	95.20
缺失值	16	4.80
b. 年龄	190	57.06
缺失值	143	42.94
c. 地区
亚洲	71	21.32
欧洲	6	1.80
大洋洲	8	2.40
北美洲	228	68.47
南美洲	16	4.80
缺失值	4	1.21
(2) 发表特征
a. 发表时间	333	100
b. 发表状态
已发表	279	83.78
未发表	54	16.22
(3) 评估特征
a. 同伴侵害报告者
同伴报告	206	61.86
自我报告	87	26.13
母亲报告	6	1.80
教师报告	21	6.31
组合报告	13	3.90
b. 攻击报告者
同伴报告	229	68.77
自我报告	48	14.41
教师报告	42	12.61
组合报告	14	4.21
(4) 研究设计和结果特征
a. 研究设计
横向研究	116	34.83
纵向研究	217	65.17
b. 同伴侵害变量
身体侵害	82	24.62
言语侵害	52	15.62
关系侵害	96	28.83
同伴侵害	103	30.93
c. 攻击变量
身体攻击	108	32.43
言语攻击	53	15.92
关系攻击	119	35.73
攻击	53	15.92

调节变量	k	%
(1) 样本特征
a. 性别	317	95.20
缺失值	16	4.80
b. 年龄	190	57.06
缺失值	143	42.94
c. 地区
亚洲	71	21.32
欧洲	6	1.80
大洋洲	8	2.40
北美洲	228	68.47
南美洲	16	4.80
缺失值	4	1.21
(2) 发表特征
a. 发表时间	333	100
b. 发表状态
已发表	279	83.78
未发表	54	16.22
(3) 评估特征
a. 同伴侵害报告者
同伴报告	206	61.86
自我报告	87	26.13
母亲报告	6	1.80
教师报告	21	6.31
组合报告	13	3.90
b. 攻击报告者
同伴报告	229	68.77
自我报告	48	14.41
教师报告	42	12.61
组合报告	14	4.21
(4) 研究设计和结果特征
a. 研究设计
横向研究	116	34.83
纵向研究	217	65.17
b. 同伴侵害变量
身体侵害	82	24.62
言语侵害	52	15.62
关系侵害	96	28.83
同伴侵害	103	30.93
c. 攻击变量
身体攻击	108	32.43
言语攻击	53	15.92
关系攻击	119	35.73
攻击	53	15.92

#调节变量	k	Intercept/mean z (95% CI)	Β (95% CI)	Mean r	F (df₁, df₂)^a	p^b	水平2 方差	水平3 方差
(1) 样本特征
a. 性别	317	0.308 (0.257; 0.360)^***	-0.039 (-1.087; 1.010)	-	F (1, 315) = 0.005	0.942	0.023^***	0.017^***
b. 年龄	190	0.306 (0.254; 0.359)^***	-0.004 (-0.028; 0.021)	-	F (1, 188) = 0.090	0.764	0.029^***	0.015^***
c. 地区
亚洲	71	0.367 (0.278; 0.457)^***		0.351	F (4, 324) = 3.683	0.006^**	0.020^***	0.020^***
欧洲	6	0.136 (-0.168; 0.440)	-0.231 (-0.548; 0.085)	0.135
大洋洲	8	0.169 (-0.131; 0.469)	-0.198 (-0.511; 0.115)	0.167
北美洲	228	0.304 (0.242; 0.367)^***	-0.063 (-0.163; 0.037)	0.295
南美洲	16	0.150 (0.032; 0.268)^*	-0.217 (-0.338; -0.096)^***	0.149
(2) 发表特征
a. 发表时间	333	0.304 (0.252; 0.355)^***	0.000 (-0.007; 0.007)	-	F (1, 331) = 0.002	0.969	0.021^***	0.017^***
b. 发表状态
已发表	279	0.320 (0.268; 0.371)^***		0.310	F (1, 331) = 2.679	0.103	0.021^***	0.016^***
未发表	54	0.209 (0.087; 0.331)^***	-0.111 (-0.243; 0.022)	0.206
(3) 评估特征
a. 同伴侵害报告者
同伴报告	206	0.299 (0.231; 0.367)^***		0.290	F (4, 328) = 2.865	0.023^*	0.021^***	0.014^***
自我报告	87	0.278 (0.214; 0.342)^***	-0.021 (-0.109; 0.066)	0.271
母亲报告	6	0.146 (-0.114; 0.407)	-0.153 (-0.421; 0.116)	0.145
教师报告	21	0.518 (0.372; 0.664)^***	0.219 (0.059; 0.379)^**	0.476
组合报告	13	0.338 (0.165; 0.511)^***	0.039 (-0.147; 0.224)	0.326
b. 攻击报告者
同伴报告	229	0.279 (0.215; 0.342)^***		0.272	F (3, 329) = 0.495	0.686	0.021^***	0.016^***
自我报告	48	0.312 (0.224; 0.400)^***	0.033 (-0.067; 0.134)	0.302
教师报告	42	0.347 (0.235; 0.459)^***	0.069 (-0.059; 0.196)	0.334
组合报告	14	0.341 (0.177; 0.506)^***	0.063 (-0.113; 0.238)	0.328
(4) 研究设计和结果特征
a. 研究设计
横向研究	116	0.353 (0.292; 0.415)^***		0.339	F (1, 331) = 6.063	0.014^*	0.021^***	0.014^***
纵向研究	217	0.238 (0.169; 0.307)^***	-0.115 (-0.208; -0.023)^*	0.234
b. 同伴侵害变量
身体侵害	82	0.223 (0.148; 0.299)^***		0.219	F (3, 329) = 4.308	0.005^**	0.020^***	0.017^***
言语侵害	52	0.265 (0.182; 0.349)^***	0.042 (-0.013; 0.097)	0.259
关系侵害	96	0.307 (0.235; 0.379)^***	0.084 (0.035; 0.132)^***	0.298
同伴侵害	103	0.327 (0.263; 0.392)^***	0.104 (0.009; 0.199)^*	0.316
c. 攻击变量
身体攻击	108	0.287 (0.223; 0.352)^***		0.279	F (3, 329) = 0.693	0.557	0.021^***	0.017^***
言语攻击	53	0.322 (0.246; 0.398)^***	0.035 (-0.020; 0.089)	0.311
关系攻击	119	0.311 (0.248; 0.374)^***	0.024 (-0.019; 0.067)	0.301
攻击	53	0.307 (0.228; 0.385)^***	0.020 (-0.078; 0.117)	0.298