对人类不良记忆的修饰：来自记忆再巩固的证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

已经巩固的长时记忆被再次提取后, 进入一个记忆的不稳定期, 在此过程中, 记忆可被更新、强化、削弱甚至抹除, 这个过程称为再巩固。人类不良记忆再巩固研究揭示记忆激活后口服普萘洛尔(propranolol)或进行消退训练可削弱或抹除不良情绪记忆, 此过程中涉及杏仁核、海马、前额叶皮层等脑区的参与及其构成的神经环路的调控。当前临床上利用再巩固原理可通过药物治疗、行为干预或无创脑部刺激的方法改变不良记忆。然而, 由于其形成过程复杂并受多种因素影响, 未来研究应尽可能模拟临床中人类不良记忆形成的复杂环境, 深入探讨再巩固“边界问题”, 推动实验室研究向临床应用的转化。

关键词: 人类不良记忆, 再巩固, 临床干预, 边界条件

Abstract:

Stable memories may re-enter an unstable state when they are retrieved. Upon retrieval, a consolidated memory can be updated, strengthened, weakened, or even erased. This process is known as reconsolidation. Thus, reconsolidation interventions provide an opportunity to modify seemingly stable memories. Studies on the reconsolidation of maladaptive human memory emphasize the role of propranolol and behavioral intervention therapies in fear and episodic memory reconsolidation. Multiple cortical brain regions and neural circuits are involved in the reconsolidation of human fear and episodic memory. These include the amygdala, hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), the amygdale-vmPFC network, and the hippocampus-PFC network. Existing memories can be modified during reconsolidation by various interventions, such as drug treatment, behavioral therapy, or noninvasive brain stimulation. This introduces the possibility of using these strategies to treat memory disorders. However, there is a significant gap between the relevant basic research and the clinical application due to the complexity of pathologic memory formation. Therefore, additional experimental paradigms that more closely resemble clinical situations are required. Furthermore, the precise boundary conditions for reconsolidation disruption should be elucidated in a future study, as this will promote the clinical application of laboratory research.

Key words: maladaptive human memory, reconsolidation, clinical intervention, boundary conditions.

中图分类号:

B842

刘鹏, 申鸿魁. (2019). 对人类不良记忆的修饰：来自记忆再巩固的证据. 心理科学进展 , 27(8), 1417-1426.

LIU Peng, SHEN Hongkui. (2019). Modulating maladaptive human memory: Evidence from reconsolidation. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(8), 1417-1426.

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