ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (11): 1700-1706.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童青少年认知能力发展与脑发育

李艳玮;李燕芳   

  1. 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习研究所; 认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-30 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-11-15 发布日期:2010-11-15
  • 通讯作者: 李燕芳

The Relationship Between Cognitive and Brain Development in Children and Adolescents

LI Yan-Wei;LI Yan-Fang   

  1. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,
    Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2010-03-30 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-11-15 Published:2010-11-15
  • Contact: LI Yan-Fang

PDF (PC)

9481

被引次数

17

摘要： 自发展认知神经科学兴起以来, 研究者就开始借助MRI等脑成像技术探讨儿童青少年认知能力发展与大脑结构发育和功能特点等之间的关系, 这为揭示行为发展与生理成熟之间的关系、儿童认知发展的神经活动规律、正常和障碍群体的独特大脑神经结构及活动特点等提供了重要启示。通过对有关儿童青少年智力、工作记忆、反应抑制等认知能力发展与大脑结构发育、大脑功能发育之间关系, 以及认知能力训练与大脑可塑性等研究的介绍, 指出发展认知神经科学的未来研究应重视采用纵向设计, 关注自然成熟和经验对正常或障碍儿童青少年认知发展与脑发育关系的交互影响, 同时从练习和训练的角度对大脑可塑性的特点进行探讨。

关键词: 儿童青少年, 认知发展, 脑结构, 脑功能, 大脑可塑性

Abstract: Since the emergence of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, researchers have tried to use brain-image technologies, such as MRI, to gain a better understanding of the relationship between cognitive and brain development in children and adolescents. These studies shed new light on the respective and integrative role of physiological maturity and cognitive experience in brain development, and were helpful for us to understand the neural mechanism of different cognitive abilities in different developmental stages. This paper is an attempt to summarize the relationship between cognitive abilities and the development of structural brain, functional brain, and brain plasticity in children and adolescents, focusing specially on cognitive task-dependent changes in intelligence, working memory, and response inhibition. Based on this relationship, longitudinal design should be used in this field to investigate the role of natural maturation and experience in normal or abnormal children and adolescents, and to further the exploration of the role of practice and training in brain plasticity.

Key words: children and adolescents, cognitive development, structural brain, functional brain, brain plasticity