ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 416-427.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2023.00416

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

社会网络视角下儿童青少年同伴关系网络与欺凌相关行为的共同变化关系

张李斌, 张其文, 王晨旭, 张云运()   

  1. 北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心, 北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-07 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2022-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 张云运 E-mail:yyzhangff@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BSH104)

The co-varying relationship between children and adolescents’ peer networks and bullying-related behaviors from the perspective of social networks

ZHANG Libin, ZHANG Qiwen, WANG Chenxu, ZHANG Yunyun()   

  1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2022-01-07 Online:2023-03-15 Published:2022-12-22
  • Contact: ZHANG Yunyun E-mail:yyzhangff@126.com

摘要:

欺凌是一种群体动态过程, 同伴生态是欺凌发生发展的重要情境。虽然已有研究重视影响欺凌的同伴因素, 但从群体动态关系视角细致探讨欺凌相关行为(欺凌、受欺凌和保护行为)发展变化的研究仍十分有限。从社会网络与欺凌相关行为相互影响的关键问题入手, 重点考察欺凌相关行为在同伴关系网络中的发展进程, 揭示了同伴关系网络的结构特征和内部关系作为欺凌相关行为是否发生、如何发展的重要生态标志, 阐明了存在相同行为特征的个体分群汇聚的选择效应和群体内行为传染的影响效应。未来研究应结合多维社会网络、多类型网络结构和关系特征、不同欺凌角色以及我国本土化特点等进一步加强欺凌治理的群体生态研究, 从而更好地为群体生态层面上的欺凌治理提供科学依据。

关键词: 欺凌治理, 社会网络, 同伴生态, 选择和影响效应, 儿童青少年

Abstract:

Bullying is a group dynamic process, of which peer ecology is an essential context for the occurrence and development of bullying. Although existing studies have focused on peer factors that influence bullying, there is still limited research that systematically examines the development and changes in bullying-related behaviors from a group dynamics perspective. This study reviewed twenty social network studies and analyzed the development of bullying-related behaviors from structural and relational characteristics of social networks in the previous studies. As shown in Figure 1, these social networks include two parts: structures and relationships. Structural characteristics include group structure (e.g., classroom hierarchy) and individual position (e.g., embeddedness and betweenness). Relationship characteristics include static relationships (e.g., rejection and friendship) and dynamic relationships (e.g., selection and influence process).
Generally, these social network findings could be summarized as follows. First, as for the role of structural characteristics, it was found that classroom hierarchy (as an indicator of social prominence in the peer group) could directly predict the incidence and severity of bullying. Particularly, a classroom with a higher hierarchy tends to worsen the bullying situation, thus, all students in these classrooms are at a greater risk. At the same time, individual’s position in the network is a critical ecological marker for identifying those who are at risk for bullying, which could provide the possibility for early prediction and prevention. Second, as for the role of relationships in the network, on the one hand, these studies found that friendship increases the spread of bullying-related behaviors within the network, for example, bullying, victimization, and defense behaviors. On the other hand, these studies also demonstrated that bullying-related behaviors can format and maintain friendships in the networks, which bring together those with similar behaviors and exclude those with different behaviors. For example, bullies and defenders were unlikely to select victims as friends. Consequently, victimized individuals are excluded and isolated from various groups. By contrast, the mutual selection of bullies attracts them together and forms a "bully" gang. In this way, it polarizes bullying behaviors in groups and intensifies bullying-related behaviors from individual to group.
Future research could, first, explore the occurrence and development of bullying-related behaviors by measuring individuals' central location in the network (such as degree centrality, closeness centrality) and different relationship strengths, relationship scales, and relationship types in social networks from multiple perspectives. Second, future research should systematically and comprehensively examine the developmental changes in different bullying roles in networks to construct patterns of propagation and dissipation behaviors related to bullying roles and the patterns of mutual transformation among different roles. Meanwhile, the moderators and mediators should also be explored in future studies. Finally, future research should strengthen the collectivist culture and the importance of academic achievement, which could reveal the cultural and social environment imprint of bullying-related behaviors developing in China and provide a better empirical basis for bullying interventions from the perspective of group ecology.

Key words: bullying prevention, social network, group ecology, selection and influence effect, children and adolescents

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