关键词: 痴呆症, 低强度脉冲超声, 认知障碍, 神经调控, 阿尔茨海默病

Abstract: Degenerative cognitive impairment caused by dementia has become a severe global health challenge, and existing interventions are difficult to reverse the progression of cognitive decline. As an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can precisely target deep brain regions and achieve multi-dimensional improvements in cognitive function, providing a novel approach for clinical intervention of cognitive impairment. This paper systematically reviews research evidence of this technique in improving core cognitive domains such as learning, memory and executive function in both animal models of dementia and human subjects. It focuses on the intrinsic relationship among "disease–target–parameter–therapeutic effect", explains the potential mechanisms underlying its cognitive regulation from the perspective of cognitive neuropsychology, and clarifies the psychological research value and application limitations of this technique in cognitive impairment intervention. It provides a clear framework for deepening basic research on cognitive neuromodulation and optimizing clinical psychological intervention strategies for cognitive disorders, and promotes the integrated development of the technique and clinical cognitive intervention.

Key words: Dementia, Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, Cognitive impairment, Neuromodulation, Alzheimer's disease