ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 1209-1220.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2024.01209

• 研究方法 • 上一篇    

基于信号检测论的错误信息鉴别层级模型

曹呈旭, 七十三, 金童林, 曾小叶, 安叶青, 卜塔娜   

  1. 内蒙古师范大学心理学院, 内蒙古高校心理教育重点研究基地, 呼和浩特 010022
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-15 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-05-09
  • 通讯作者: 七十三, E-mail: Qshisan@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古师范大学研究生科研创新基金资助项目(CXJJB23002)

Hierarchy model of misinformation identification based on signal detection theory

CAO Chengxu, QI Shisan, JIN Tonglin, ZENG Xiaoye, AN Yeqing, BU Tana   

  1. School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Key Research Base of Psychological Education in Inner Mongolia Colleges and Universities, Hohhot 010022, China
  • Received:2023-09-15 Online:2024-07-15 Published:2024-05-09

摘要: 在错误信息鉴别的研究领域, 系统2动机性推理理论和经典推理理论分别从不同视角探讨了影响个体错误信息鉴别的因素, 但两者在认知能力的作用解释上存在分歧。在现有研究基础之上, 引入情绪、信息特征和个体立场及其深层次动机等因素, 进一步完善基于信号检测论的错误信息鉴别层级模型, 旨在深化对不同因素如何影响错误信息鉴别的理解。该模型通过区分不同因素对信息鉴别中辨别敏感性和判断标准的影响, 不仅有效地调和了系统2动机性推理理论和经典推理理论在认知能力作用观点上的分歧, 也为理解错误信息鉴别的复杂机制提供了更为细致和结构化的分析框架。

关键词: 错误信息, 信号检测论, 影响因素, 系统2动机性推理理论, 经典推理理论

Abstract: While the evolution of internet communication technologies has brought numerous conveniences, it has also fostered certain hazards, among which misinformation stands prominent. Numerous studies and theories have unraveled the determinants that influence individuals' ability to identify information. This paper highlights two significant accounts that inform our understanding of misinformation identification: motivated System 2 reasoning account and classical reasoning account. Some studies consider the two theories as opposing viewpoints, which is a misunderstanding. This confusion may stem from the imprecise correlation between the theoretical constructs and the measurement tools used in research, as well as a tendency to view factors from different categories as contradictory. At the core, the issue lies in the insufficient differentiation of the impact of various factors on misinformation identification.
Adopting a signal detection theory, this paper categorizes the influencing factors of misinformation identification into two pathways: those affecting discrimination sensitivity and those affecting judgment criterion. This approach allows researchers to understand more clearly and deeply the role different factors play in misinformation identification, reconciling existing theoretical discrepancies. Additionally, the paper integrates factors of emotions and information characteristics into the model. The impact of emotions on misinformation identification is twofold: they can influence judgment criterion by strengthening or suppressing individual stances; they can also decrease individuals' discrimination sensitivity by competing with rational thought processes, thereby affecting misinformation identification. Information characteristics serve as cues and bases for misinformation identification, thus affecting individuals' discrimination sensitivity. The smaller the feature difference between misinformation and true information, the lower individuals' discrimination sensitivity, making it harder to distinguish between the two. Conversely, larger feature differences enhance individuals' discrimination sensitivity, facilitating the differentiation of misinformation from true information. Moreover, the paper delves into the deep-seated causes of partisan bias, expanding this specific example into a broader stance applicable across different scenarios and cultural contexts. Specifically, partisan stances merely represent the superficial manifestations affecting judgment criterion, while the underlying motives, such as actual interests and psychological needs behind these stances, are the core elements influencing judgment criterion. By augmenting and refining the hierarchical model of misinformation identification based on signal detection theory, this paper provides a more comprehensive theoretical framework for researchers to understand how individuals identify misinformation, also offering theoretical support for the practical application of information identification and governance.

Key words: misinformation, signal detection theory, affecting factors, motivated System 2 reasoning account, classical reasoning account

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