ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (10): 1746-1754.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.01746

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

计算式互惠机制探讨——认知和动机的物种比较

熊明瑞1,2;张真1;施建农1,3   

  1. (1中国科学院心理研究所, 行为科学重点实验室, 北京 100101) (2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
    (3 Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Denmark)
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-17 出版日期:2015-10-15 发布日期:2015-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 张真, E-mail: zhangzhen@psych.ac.cn; 施建农, E-mail: shijn@psych.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院心理研究所青年科学基金(O9CX021002)、国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31000469)、中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-J-8)、国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAI36B02)资助。

Mechanism of Calculated Reciprocity: Comparison between Species on Cognition and Motivation

XIONG Mingrui1,2; ZHANG Zhen1; SHI Jiannong1,3   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China)
    (2 University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China)
    (3 Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Denmark)
  • Received:2014-11-17 Online:2015-10-15 Published:2015-10-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Zhen, E-mail: zhangzhen@psych.ac.cn; SHI Jiannong, E-mail: shijn@psych.ac.cn

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摘要：

与灵长类动物相比, 人类社会中存在广泛的互惠行为, 这种广泛性表现为人类具有独特的计算式互惠。本文从计算式互惠的认知和动机机制两方面对人类儿童和灵长类动物进行比较, 以期从近因机制的角度为人类互惠行为的复杂性提供解释依据。未来研究需要重视从个体发展和个体差异的视角探寻认知和动机因素对计算式互惠的影响, 并注重从互动双方各自的角度对各影响因素进行区别和分析, 从而更全面地提供有关人类互惠近因机制的证据。

关键词: 灵长类动物, 儿童, 计算式互惠, 认知能力, 动机

Abstract:

Compared with non-human primates, human beings show widespread reciprocity in their social life. This is due to the existence of calculated reciprocity. The current article compares cognition and motivation related with calculated reciprocity in children and non-human primates. It is expected that we can provide an explanation for complicated reciprocity in human by analyzing species’ performance from the aspect of proximate mechanism. To investigate human reciprocity from proximate mechanism, future researches should (1) explore the effect of cognition and motivation on calculated reciprocity both from human ontogeny and individual difference; (2) differentiate and analyze impact factors from the perspective of actors and recipients respectively.

Key words: non-human primates, children, calculated reciprocity, cognition, motivation