ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 1597-1607.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2014.01597

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

中枢肥大细胞在脑功能和行为调节中的作用

张帆1,2;雍武1;邵枫3;王玮文1   

  1. (1中国科学院心理健康重点实验室, 中国科学院心理研究所, 北京 100101) (2中国科学院大学, 北京 100039) (3北京大学心理系, 北京 100871)
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-17 出版日期:2014-10-15 发布日期:2014-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 王玮文, E-mail: wangww@psych.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(No. 91132728)、中国科学院(KSCX2-EW-J-8, KJZD-EW-L04)和中国科学院心理健康重点实验室、中国科学院心理研究所支持。

The Role of Central Mast Cells in the Modulation of Brain Function and Behavior

ZHANG Fan1,2; YONG Wu1; SHAO Feng3; WANG Weiwen1   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China) (2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China) (3 Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
  • Received:2014-01-17 Online:2014-10-15 Published:2014-10-15
  • Contact: WANG Weiwen, E-mail: wangww@psych.ac.cn

摘要:

已知肥大细胞作为免疫细胞在过敏反应和炎性疾病中发挥重要作用。肥大细胞在中枢亦有表达, 但对其作用了解不足。新近的研究发现中枢肥大细胞在脑功能和行为调节中发挥重要的内源性平衡作用。一方面, 中枢肥大细胞在维持相关脑区发育, 正常神经活动, 以及动机, 情绪和认知等多种行为中发挥保护性作用, 各种应激条件诱导的中枢肥大细胞表达和活动改变参与脑和行为的适应性反应过程。另一方面, 中枢肥大细胞过度激活或者过度抑制都可导致脑功能和行为异常, 并参与某些免疫相关心身疾病的病理过程。体外神经解剖学和功能学研究证据提示中枢肥大细胞与神经系统间存在结构性和功能性相互作用网络。肥大细胞和神经组织间通过形成类似突触的结构性联系直接影响相邻细胞的活动。肥大细胞还可以通过脱颗粒释放多种生物活性介质调节神经活动, 同时表达多种受体接受脑内免疫性和神经性分子调节。但是目前对于中枢肥大细胞-神经系统相互作用的认识主要基于体外研究, 其在脑内相互作用方式及其与特定脑区功能和行为表型的关系所知甚少, 开展相关研究可以为认识脑与行为的神经免疫调节机制提供新的视角。

关键词: 肥大细胞, 中枢神经系统, 行为, 情绪, 认知, 神经免疫

Abstract:

Mast cells (MCs) are well studied for their roles in allergic and inflammatory disorders. MCs are also identified in the central nervous system (CNS), but have not been examined much. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that central MCs can modulate brain function and behavior in an endogenous homeostatic way. On the one hand, MCs exert protective effects on the development of related brain regions, the maintenance of neuronal activity, and various behaviors like motivation behavior, emotionality and cognition. The changes in the number and activity of central MCs under stressful conditions have relations with different limbs of stress response of brain and behavior. On the other hand, the hypo-activity or hyper-activity of MCs in immunity-related diseases or MCs transgenic animals both promote deleterious outcomes in brain function and behavior, which may be involved in the pathological process of some neuroimmune disorders. Anatomical and functional studies in vitro indicate that there exist bidirectional interactions between MCs and neural cells, including neurons and glial cells. Firstly, MCs and nerves are apposed with spatial gaps of 20 nm or less, an intimate interaction resembling synaptic junctions. Secondly, MCs and nerves also share common activating signals and receptors. On the one hand, MCs contain a variety of biologically active substances, which regulate the activity of the surrounding brain tissues when released through degranulation upon mast cell activation. On the other hand, there exist different kinds of receptors on mast cell membrane, through which MCs can be affected by neurological and immune signaling molecules in the brain. However, the current findings about the crosstalk between mast cell and the CNS are mainly based on studies in vitro. Until now, we know little about how bidirectional communication between mast cell and the CNS regulate brain and behavior in vivo, and its relationship with pathological processes in some immune related psychosomatic diseases. Further studies are needed to elucidate the neurobiology of brain mast cell, which might open new perspectives for the development of therapeutic targets in some neuropsychological diseases.

Key words: mast cells, central nervous system, behavior, emotion, cognition, neuroimmune