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25 June 1989, Volume 21 Issue 02 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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STANDARDIZATION RESEARCH ON RAVEN'S STANDARD PROGRESSIVE MATRICES IN CHINA Zhang Hou-can,Wang Xiao-ping Beijing Normal University 1989, 21 (02):  3-11.  Abstract ( 2488 )   Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (R. SPM) was revised by a research group colaborated with people came from 17 places all over the country. Based upon the data of 1982 census, a group of 5108 people aged from 5-to over 70 was sampled for establishing the norm. Through a series of standardized procedures, the Chinese norm (city version) of R. SPM was complished with appropriate reliability and validity. It meets the need of group test for measuring intelligence. The result shows that there is no significant sex difference except the group aged 40-49. The Chinese norm was also compared with those came from H. K., U. K. and New Jealand. Related Articles | Metrics

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COMPARING WORD-STEM COMPLETION AND TACHISTOSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION ON RETENTION OF PRIMING EFFECTS Zhu Ying,Li Tian-chi,Zhou Zhi-jin,Xiao Li Department of Psychology,Beijing University 1989, 21 (02):  12-19.  Abstract ( 665 )   The results of two experiments on retention of priming effects are reported here: (a) there is reliable reduction in the priming effect of word-stem completion from a half hour test to a test of 7 days. (b) There is no reliable reduction in the priming effect of tachistoscopic identifica- tion from a half hour test to a test of 7 days. These results suggest that differences in the duration of the retention in different tasks may depend on number of response alternatives. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CDCC INFANT MENTAL DEVELOPMENT SCALE Fan Cun-ren Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica The Associate Center for Child Psychology, CDCC 1989, 21 (02):  20-30.  Abstract ( 910 )   The CDCC Infant Mental Scale was mainly based on the Bayley Scale and revised according to Chinese children's actual condition. This scale is a diagnostic one for the assesment of the mental development of chil- dren aged 0-3 years. In this way the scale serves as an efficient tool for eugenics, better cultivation and early education. It can be used not only by child health workers, child educators, peadiatricians as the basis of dia- gnosis, medical treatment and education, but also by child psychologists, educators and child health workers as a tool when investigating the factors (e. g. genetic, nutritional, educational, environmental etc.) influencing the development of children. The scale was sampled strictly according to the stratified sampling (age, sex, parents educational level, districts, the size of the city) of the third census of 1982. The sample was devided into 16 age groups, 100 children within one group, altogether 1600 subjects. This scale will be ada- pted to all over the country, the characteristic of the scale differentiates it from other scales currently in operation. The scale was tested by split-half technique, test-retest and tester- observer rating correlation. Results showed high validity. The reliability was tested by comparing the results with that of Gesell Scales. The results also showed a rather good reliability. So the scale is worth popularizing for broader use. Related Articles | Metrics

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ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE AND DEPRESSION Zhang Yu-xin,Wang Yan Peking University 1989, 21 (02):  31-38.  Abstract ( 752 )   The present study examined the hypotheses derived from Abramson's attributional reformulation of the learned helplessness model for depression within a group of 103 university students. In general, the obtained resu- lts were consistent with the previous findings. When individual differences in evaluating good or bad events were controlled experimantally, differences between the mean scores on the good or bad events correlated significantly with a measure of depression (BDI) for stability (r = - 0. 195, p<0. 05), globality (r = - 0. 227, p<0. 02), and composite (r = - 0. 230, p<0. 02). The correlation between BDI score and internality was not significant (r= - 0. 089), although in the expected direction. The article disscussed factors which might affect the outcomes of investigations in this area. Related Articles | Metrics

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CHINESE VALUE ORIENTATION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Peng Kai-ping,Chen Zhong-geng Department of Psychology,Beijing University 1989, 21 (02):  39-45.  Abstract ( 730 )   Adminstrating a Chinese version of Study of Value to 690 undergra- duate students in Beijing University, we found a rank of value and sign- ificant sex difference on value. The rank from high to low in order is: Political, Aesthetic, Theoretical, Economic, Social and Religious value. The results of factor analysis showed four value Patterns in Chinese students. The values have sufficient reliability and validity, with the exception of Religious value. Related Articles | Metrics

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MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF WORKLOAD: THE WORKLOAD OF NURSES AT INTENSIVE CARE UNITS Tang Ci-mei,H.Hamilton,G.Singer Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica Austin Hospital, Melbourne Department of Psychology,La Trobe University 1989, 21 (02):  46-52.  Abstract ( 840 )   A sample of 24 nurses at ICU of Austin Hospital were measured on relevant physiological variables including heart rate and hormonal respo- nses to provide information on physical and mental workload. In addition, subjective reports of sleep, mood change, self assessed mental and physical workload were collected from the group. These measures suggest that the physiological cost of work was at an acceptable level, no harmful overload was found. In addition, the physio- logical measures indicate that physiological responses induced by mental stress during work could be severe. Related Articles | Metrics

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN THE NURSES ON SHIFTWORK AND DAYWORK Li De-ming,Chen Su-kun,Li Shu-xia,Wang Qiu-xia Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica First Hospital of Beijing Medical University 1989, 21 (02):  53-58.  Abstract ( 692 )   The sleep of 400 nurses on shiftwork and daywork between ages 20 to 35 were investigated by questionaire. Then 88 subjects were given "The Clinical Memory Test" including the following 5 subtests: directed memory, paired-association learning, free recall of picture, recognition of meaning- less figures, recall of the connection between portraits and their charact- eristics. The results indicate that sleep quality during shift working in the nu- rses of shiftwork was poor. Although sleep quality during day working in the shiftwork nurses was improved, it was still not as good as the nurses of daywork. There were no marked differences in the test scores of all items in both shiftwork and daywork groups, however, differences of me- mory characteristics exists between the two groups. Related Articles | Metrics

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SPATIAL PROPERTIES OF THE SIMULTANEOUS COLOR CONTRAST MECHANISM He Ji-cang,Lin Zhong-xian Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica, Beijing 1989, 21 (02):  59-65.  Abstract ( 507 )   Simultaneous color contrast gratings with different spatial frequency were optically generated to examine the spatial property of the simulta- neous color contrast mechanism. Results show that the simultaneous col- or contrast mechanism display low pass spatial frequency characteristics, becoming relatively more effective as the spatial frequency decreases. Th- ese results may provide an experimental support for the suggestion that si- multaneous color contrast mechanism takes part in pattern detection. The color contrast sensitivity functions at different stimulation conditions are also investigated in this experiment. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE HEMISPHERES FOR RECOGNIZING CHINESE CHARACTERS AND ENGLISH WORDS IN SUBJECTS WITH DIFFERENT NATIVE LANGUAGE Yang Biao,Xu Shi-tong,Ou Ying-qi Neurophysiology Research laboratory, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 1989, 21 (02):  70-74.  Abstract ( 608 )   The functional characteristic of the hemisperes for recognition of Ch- inese characters, English words and Arabic numerals tachistos-copically presented unilaterally to the left and right visual fields of 70 normal rig- ht-handed subjects was investigated. The subjects were divided into 3 gr- oups: In group 1 were 30 Chinese university students of English special field aged 18-25 years, whose native language was ideograms (Chinese ch- aracters); In group 2 were 30 foreign students, in China aged 18-25 yea- rs, who took phonograms as native language and at the same time maste- red Chinese; In group 3 were 10 foreign teachers aged 20-40 years, who didn't know Chinese. The stimulus were presented 50 msec. The results showed: Nonsignificant difference between left and right visual fields for recognition of Chinese characters and English words pre- sented to group 1 and group 2; However, a significant right field (left hemispere) superiority for English words was found in group 3; There was no difference between left and right visual fields for Arabic numerals in group 1 and group 3 (foreign students did not do the experiment) The result s mentioned above was discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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AN ODD HARMONIC PHENOMENON OF VISUAL MOTION PERCEPTION Wu Xin-nian,Yao Guo-zheng,Wang Yun-jiu,Gao Qian Institute of Biophysics,Academia Sinica,Beijing Department of Biology,Nanjing University 1989, 21 (02):  75-80.  Abstract ( 560 )   A new phenomenon of odd harmonic squarewave gratings was obser- ved when the stimulus was a rapidly travelling squarewave grating. Some stationary harmonic gratings could be observed at some critical temporal frequencies of the test grating, however at frequencies slightly different from the critical ones, the harmonic gratings appeared to be moving. Th- eir apparent motion directions were the same as that of the test grating or opposite to it, depending on whether the temporal frequencies of the test grating were greater or lower than the critical frequencies. Some sug- gestions concerning the spatio-temporal sampling theory and Fourier ana- lysis were proposed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ON HUMAN BLOOD PRESSURE, HEART RATE, RESPIRATORY FRE QUENCY AND THE CONTENTS OF IR-AVP IN PLASMA AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID Yang Jun,Lin Bao-cheng,Wang Cheng-hai,Song Chao-yao,Zhu He-nian Department of Neurobiology,The Second Military Medical College,Shanghai 1989, 21 (02):  81-84.  Abstract ( 580 )   Twelve patients under psychological stress and nonstress condition were studied. Their blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency were determined, and their plasma and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) ir-AVP were measured with radioimmunoassay(RIA). The results showed higher BP and faster HR in psychological stress than those in nonstress condition (p<0.01). There was no change in respiratory frequency. The plasma level of ir-AVP was much lower in those under psychological str- ess. A negative correlation between the plasma and CSF levels of ir-AVP was shown(r_s = - 0.656) in psychological stress condition. These findings suggest that psychological stress could have effect on the autonervous sy- stem to enhance the activation of circulatory system and AVP might play and important role. Related Articles | Metrics

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOTHES PATTERNS AND COLOURS OF GUANGZHOU COLLEGE STUDENTS Wu Hong-ye,Wu Ying-qun,Chen Wen-bin,Xu Ying-hua Department of Psychology, Southe China Normal University 1989, 21 (02):  85-96.  Abstract ( 988 )   In this experiment, research was made on the order of choice of clot- hes patterns and colours of 30 boys and 30 girls that were sampled at ra- ndom in the first grade of five colleges in Guangzhou, based on the psyc- hophysical ranking method. 16 kinds of boys and girls clothes patterns and 27 kinds of colours of coloth samples as materials were used. The results show that: (1) the order of choice of colours of cloth sam- ples is different from the order of matched colours of appointed clothes patterns. When the clothes pattern is different, the order of choice of colours is also different. (2) At preseat, the boys and girls like much more cloth patterns that are vivid, of good taste, graceful and full of vigour, they do not like patterns which are old and out of fashion. (3) The students like colour brightness of a greater degree much more than that of a lesser degree. The trend is changing from greeter degree of col- our brighyness to lesser degree of colour brightness. Related Articles | Metrics

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEMANTIC COMPREHENSION AMONG HAN, TIBETAN, DONGXIANG, BONAN, YUKU AND KAZAK CHILDREN AGED FROM 7 TO 9 Zhao Ming-jiu,Wan Ming-gang,Ma Ning-qiang Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 1989, 21 (02):  97-105.  Abstract ( 661 )   The study tested Han, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Yuku, Kazak children aged 7, 8 and 9, by using three different types of Chinese sentences. The purpose of the study is to compare the difference of children of ea- ch minority in semantic comprehension of Chinese, and the causes of the differences. The results reveal that: (1) under bilingual circumstances, based on different motivational factors the effect of second language learning in the children of six nationalities aged from 7 to 9 are affected when comprehending the three types of sentences; (2) on the changing relationships between spoken and written language, minority children who learn Chinese material which is not their mother tongue, first face to written language; (3) the difference of cultural development not only ex- ists in nationalities among variant places, but a also exists in the same nationality distributed in variant places; (4) it can be studied as a key problem in solving bilingual teaching, and fruther analyze the concrete characteristics of the use of bilingual language of minority children. Related Articles | Metrics

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JEAN PIAGET IS A TRI-SCHEMIST Cheng Li-guo Fujian Normal University 1989, 21 (02):  106-112.  Abstract ( 590 )   This article clearly points out that Piaget is a Tri-Schemist. The argu- ment touches upon many major philosophical problems in Psychology. The article is divided into four parts: (1)The interaction between the subject and object operates with the subject activity as its medium; (2)Cognitional information comes from the circuit in a form of tri-schema; (3)The moti- vation mechanism in constructivism has a dialectical relation with tri-sche- ma; (4) Tri-schema has its objective entity. In sport, Piaget's genetic epi- stemology is not in contradiction to marxist theory on reflection. Related Articles | Metrics