ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (06): 994-1001.

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事件性前瞻记忆的加工机制:来自ERP的证据

陈幼贞;任国防;袁宏;黄希庭;陈有国;岳彩镇   

  1. 认知与人格教育部重点实验室,西南大学心理学院,重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2006-12-06 修回日期:1900-01-01 发布日期:2007-11-30 出版日期:2007-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 黄希庭

Processing Mechanisms Underlying Event-based Prospective Memory: Evidence from an ERP Study

Chen Youzhen,Ren Guofang,Yuan Hong,Huang Xiting,Chen Youguo,Yue Caizhen   

  1. Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality(SWU), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2006-12-06 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-11-30 Published:2007-11-30
  • Contact: Huang Xiting

摘要: 采用事件相关电位技术,对前瞻记忆的加工机制——主要是执行前的加工机制进行研究。控制条件为单纯的背景任务,实验条件为背景任务含前瞻记忆任务,对两种条件下非靶线索的行为数据进行比较,结果表明实验条件下被试的反应时显著长于控制条件,可能说明两种条件的认知过程存在差异,这种差异在ERPs上主要体现为刺激呈现200ms以后,两种条件的波形和脑地形图存在显著差异。结果支持预备注意加工和记忆加工理论,也部分支持多重加工理论

关键词: 事件性前瞻记忆, 加工机制, 事件相关电位

Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is the memory for actions to be performed in the future. There are several theories on the processing mechanisms underlying event-based prospective memory, such as the simple activation model, noticing-search model, preparatory attentional processes and memory processes theory, and multiprocess view. They differ from one another on whether PM uses cognitive resources at retrieval. Using behavioral experiments, previous researches have generally examined how a PM task interferes with a background task and have achieved inconsistent results. The present article aims at testing these theories, using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique.
In this experiment, 20 junior undergraduates (10 women, 10 men) aged 19~26 years participated as paid volunteers. All participants were healthy, right-handed, and had normal or corrected to normal vision. Further, a typical paradigm for studying processing mechanisms underlying PM was used in this experiment. A triangle and a polygon were presented together in each trial. In the background task, participants were required to judge whether the polygon was on the left-hand side or on the right-hand side. In the PM task, participants were supposed to complete the background task; moreover, if the triangle was blue, they were required to determine the number of sides of the polygon and press a specified key if the number of sides was 5 or less and another key if it was more than 5. A session of the control condition involving only background trials was included at the beginning of the experiment, before participants had received any instructions concerning the PM trials. Subsequently, in the experimental condition, a PM task was administered to each participant. Brain electrical activity was recorded from 64 scalp sites.
As a function of non-PM trials, the accuracy and reaction time data in the two conditions were compared. The results indicated that the reaction time in the experimental condition was significantly longer than that in the control condition. The findings suggest that perhaps in the PM task, the participants were involved in strategic monitoring processes before the target event occurred. Data from the ERPs recorded during the non-PM trials suggest that there were significant differences in the time windows of 200~300 ms, 300~350 ms, and 350~400 ms after the onset of the stimulus. The ERP difference wave (subtracting the experimental condition from the control condition) showed the maximum amplitude over the central site (Fz) with a peak latency of 250 ms (N250). The topographic map in the time window of 200~300 ms indicated that the components mainly activate the frontal lobe.
These results might support the preparatory attentional processes and memory processes theory and partially support the multiprocess view. However, they fail to support the predictions derived from the simple activation model and the noticing-search model. Further, the possibility that PM retrieval might rely on multiprocess is discussed. The present results provide electrophysiological evidence for potential mechanisms underlying event-based prospective memory

Key words: event-based prospective memory, processing mechanisms, event-related potentials

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