羽毛球运动重塑成年早期的大脑灰质和白质结构

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00173

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以往研究发现, 球类运动员视知觉脑区的结构不同于非运动员, 但这些脑区结构的差异是训练经历引起还是天生结构不同所导致的, 尚未可知。本研究拟采用纵向设计, 以处于成年早期的成人非运动员为被试(23~27岁), 随机分成实验组和对照组, 实验组参加12周的羽毛球运动训练, 对照组在此期间不进行任何有规律的运动训练, 采集干预实验前后所有被试的结构像和弥散张量成像数据。结果发现, 实验组训练后左下枕叶、颞中回、颞下回灰质体积增加, 双侧内囊后肢、上放射冠各向异性分数(FA)增加, 进一步分析发现, FA增加的原因是径向扩散系数(RD)下降。提示羽毛球运动可增加成人与视运动知觉有关脑区的灰质容量, 增加纤维束的髓鞘厚度。

关键词: 羽毛球训练, 成年早期, 脑可塑性

Abstract:

Brain imaging studies have found that the athletes engaged in racquet sports showed different brain structure and function based on expert-novice paradigm. However, the present findings cannot fully interpret the role of sport experience in brain plasticity. For example, it is still not clear whether such differences in brain structure are due to training experience or innate differences. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether young adults' brain structures are influenced by a short period of badminton training experience.

A group of young adults (23 ~ 27 years) without any professional or amateur sports training were recruited to take part in the experiment. They were randomly divided into either the experimental group (21 non-athletes) or the control group (17 non-athletes). Participants in the experimental group were trained for 12 weeks (one hour each time and three times each week), and participants in the control group did not attend any regular sport trainings during this period. Structure imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques were used to assess the effects of badminton training on the brain structural plasticity in young adults. T1 images and DTI data for all participants were collected before and after the intervention. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to perform a whole-brain analysis of the T1 and DTI data respectively. A 2 (participant group: experimental group, control group) × 2 (test time: pretest, posttest) repeated measure ANOVA was used to perform statistical analysis.

The results showed that there were significant interactions between participant group and test time for the gray matter volume in the left inferior occipital lobe, middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. Specifically, participants in the experiment group exhibited increased gray matter volume in the above brain regions after the training, whilst participants in the control group showed decreased gray matter volume in the left middle temporal gyrus at posttest as compared to pretest. Furthermore, for the participants in the control group, there were no significant differences between pretest and posttest in the volume of left inferior occipital lobe and inferior temporal gyrus. In relation with the white matter microstructures, the experiment group had increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule and the superior corona radiate in posttest as compared to pretest. And the increased FA was induced by decreased radial diffusivity (RD). In contrast, the control group had decreased FA and increased RD in the above fibers at posttest relative to pretest.

Taken together, these results suggest that badminton training increased the gray matter volume in the brain regions related to visual motion perception processing and increased the myelin sheath thickness of the fibers associated with motor learning. These results imply that in early adulthood, the gray matter and white matter of the brain might have plasticity to some extent.

Key words: badminton training, early adulthood, brain plasticity

中图分类号:

B845
G804

白学军, 邵梦灵, 刘婷, 尹建忠, 金花. (2020). 羽毛球运动重塑成年早期的大脑灰质和白质结构. 心理学报, 52(2), 173-183.

BAI Xuejun, SHAO Mengling, LIU Ting, YIN Jianzhong, JIN Hua. (2020). Altered structural plasticity in early adulthood after badminton training. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(2), 173-183.

图/表 7

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脑区	对照组		实验组
脑区	前测	后测	前测	后测
左下枕叶	0.243 ± 0.042	0.243 ± 0.043	0.227 ± 0.034	0.252 ± 0.039
左颞下回	0.323 ± 0.073	0.321 ± 0.074	0.286 ± 0.048	0.310 ± 0.045
左颞中回	0.390 ± 0.089	0.379 ± 0.091	0.368 ± 0.067	0.382 ± 0.068

脑区	对照组		实验组
脑区	前测	后测	前测	后测
左下枕叶	0.243 ± 0.042	0.243 ± 0.043	0.227 ± 0.034	0.252 ± 0.039
左颞下回	0.323 ± 0.073	0.321 ± 0.074	0.286 ± 0.048	0.310 ± 0.045
左颞中回	0.390 ± 0.089	0.379 ± 0.091	0.368 ± 0.067	0.382 ± 0.068

脑区	对照组		实验组
脑区	前测	后测	前测	后测
左内囊后肢	0.664 ± 3.64×10^-2	0.645 ± 3.25×10^-2	0.638 ± 3.24×10^-2	0.656 ± 3.41×10^-2
右内囊后肢	0.686 ± 3.16×10^-2	0.673 ± 2.85×10^-2	0.659 ± 3.20×10^-2	0.676 ± 2.48×10^-2
左上放射冠	0.642 ± 2.80×10^-2	0.627 ± 2.89×10^-2	0.617 ± 2.54×10^-2	0.629 ± 2.69×10^-2
右上放射冠	0.601 ± 3.42×10^-2	0.59 ± 3.63×10^-2	0.561 ± 2.80×10^-2	0.576 ± 2.66×10^-2

脑区	对照组		实验组
脑区	前测	后测	前测	后测
左内囊后肢	0.664 ± 3.64×10^-2	0.645 ± 3.25×10^-2	0.638 ± 3.24×10^-2	0.656 ± 3.41×10^-2
右内囊后肢	0.686 ± 3.16×10^-2	0.673 ± 2.85×10^-2	0.659 ± 3.20×10^-2	0.676 ± 2.48×10^-2
左上放射冠	0.642 ± 2.80×10^-2	0.627 ± 2.89×10^-2	0.617 ± 2.54×10^-2	0.629 ± 2.69×10^-2
右上放射冠	0.601 ± 3.42×10^-2	0.59 ± 3.63×10^-2	0.561 ± 2.80×10^-2	0.576 ± 2.66×10^-2

脑区	对照组			实验组
脑区	前测	后测	η²	前测	后测	η²
左内囊后肢	3.83 × 10^-4± 8.56 × 10^-6	4.10 × 10^-4± 8.23 × 10^-6	0.34	4.17 × 10^-4± 7.93 × 10^-6	3.98 × 10^-4± 7.62 × 10^-6	0.24
右内囊后肢	3.68 × 10^-4± 7.96 × 10^-6	3.84 × 10^-4± 6.37 × 10^-6	0.23	4.04 × 10^-4± 7.37 × 10^-6	3.83 × 10^-4± 5.89 × 10^-6	0.34
左上放射冠	4.28 × 10^-4± 8.83 × 10^-6	4.55 × 10^-4± 8.94 × 10^-6	0.29	4.71 × 10^-4± 8.18 × 10^-6	4.60 × 10^-4± 8.27 × 10^-6	-
右上放射冠	4.36 × 10^-4± 6.21 × 10^-6	4.54 × 10^-4± 6.79 × 10^-6	0.35	4.84 × 10^-4± 5.75 × 10^-6	4.69 × 10^-4± 6.29 × 10^-6	0.30