ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 306-316.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00306

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 恋人亲密情景下的回避型与安全型 依恋个体情绪调节电生理差异

杨青青1,2;胡 娜1;陈 旭1;牛 娟3;翟 晶1   

  1.  (1西南大学心理学部, 重庆 400715) (2昆明医科大学基础医学院, 云南 650500) (3云南师范大学学生处, 云南 650500)
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-15 发布日期:2018-02-01 出版日期:2018-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 陈旭, E-mail: chenxu@swu.edu.cn E-mail:E-mail: chenxu@swu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
     国家自然科学基金面上项目(31771232)、西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费重大培育项目(SWU1709222)资助。

 Electrophysiological evidences of different emotional regulation strategies between the avoidant and the secure attachment individuals in the context of lovers, intimacy

 YANG Qingqing1,2; HU Na1; CHEN Xu1; NIU Juan3; ZHAI Jing1   

  1.  (1 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China) (2 School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650500, China) (3 Student Office, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan 650500, China)
  • Received:2017-05-15 Online:2018-02-01 Published:2018-03-25
  • Contact: CHEN Xu, E-mail: chenxu@swu.edu.cn E-mail:E-mail: chenxu@swu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
     

摘要:  本研究采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术, 通过测量由视觉诱发的脑电成分晚正成分波(LPP)来比较回避型个体与安全型个体在恋人亲密情景下的情绪调节策略, 即认知重评和表达抑制的电生理特征上的差异。实验结果:在恋人亲密情景下, 较之自发观看条件, 安全型个体使用认知重评下调时产生较小的LPP波幅, 使用表达抑制下调于晚期产生较大的LPP波幅。回避型个体使用表达抑制下调时产生较小的LPP波幅。结果表明:(1)安全型个体使用认知重评和回避型使用表达抑制均能有效持久的下调积极情绪。(2)回避型个体使用表达抑制和安全型个体使用认知重评一样在下调积极情绪早期发挥重要作用。本实验结果从时间进程的角度拓展了以往关于不同依恋类型个体情绪调节机制的研究。

关键词: 安全型, 回避型, 认知重评, 表达抑制, 事件相关电位(ERP)

Abstract:  People differ in adult attachment style perceive and regulate their social relationships and emotions in the different ways. Previous researches have investigated the efficiency and preference of emotion regulation strategies among different attachment styles and found that the secure attachment individuals tend to reappraise the context and reinterpret events in a mildly way while the avoidant individuals prefer to deactivate the distressed experience and suppress emotional expression. However, empirical evidences were still lacked when exploring the temporal dynamics of the neural processes. The current study tends to fill this research gap by using event-related potentials (ERP) to investigate how avoidant and secure attachment individuals differ in their two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression, in lovers intimate scenarios. Forty-three participants (twenty-two avoidant and twenty-one secure attachment individuals), ages of 18–25 years, participated in the study. The experiment consisted of two sessions. In the first session, participants were instructed to freely view (VIEW) and to respond naturally to the content without trying to alter the upcoming emotions. In the second session, participants were instructed to regulate their emotions either in a reappraisal way or in a suppression way. Results showed that: (1)secure attachment individuals reported significantly higher level of pleasure than the avoidant individuals in response to the intimate pictures; (2) secure individuals reported significantly higher level of valence and arousal scores than the avoidant individuals in the emotion regulation condition. ERP analysis further indicated that the mean amplitude of the LPP in response to the intimate pictures in the secure individuals when adopting the cognitive reappraisal strategy was significantly lower thanwhen they in the free-viewing condition in five time windows. However, when using expression suppression strategy, secure individuals showed a significantly reduced LPP amplitude in 300–500, 500–700 ms time windows, compared with the free watching conditions, and showed increased LPP amplitude in 900–1100 ms and 1100–1300 ms time windows. For avoidant individuals, which they used expression suppression strategy, the pictures evoked a significant lower LPP amplitude compared to free-viewing condition in the five time windows. However, there was no significant differences when they used reappraisal strategy compared to spontaneous watching. In sum, there were significant differences both in the subjective emotional measures and electrophysiological responses in response to the lover’s intimacy pictures between the avoidant and secure attachment individuals which they used either the cognitive reappraisal or the expression suppression to regulate their positive emotions. At an early phase of positive emotion regulation, secure individuals applied cognitive reappraisal strategy to regulate emotions efficiently or sustainably, while the avoidant individuals used expression suppression strategy. This study enriched the theoretical relationship between the different emotion regulation strategies and attachment styles, and broadens the research width of emotion regulation and attachment, which can further provided theoretical basis for future researches focusing on the emotion regulation.

Key words: secure attachment, avoidant attachment, cognitive reappraisal, expression suppression, ERPs

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