ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1192-1207.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2014.01202

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

道德推理与道德行为关系的元分析

吴鹏;刘华山   

  1. (1湖北大学教育学院心理学系, 武汉 430062) (2华中师范大学心理学院; 3青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079)
  • 收稿日期:2013-07-15 发布日期:2014-08-25 出版日期:2014-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘华山
  • 基金资助:

    湖北大学青年科学基金(095200)资助。

Association between Moral Reasoning and Moral Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

WU Peng;LIU Huashan   

  1. (1 Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China) (2 School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China) (3 Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China)
  • Received:2013-07-15 Online:2014-08-25 Published:2014-08-25
  • Contact: LIU Huashan

摘要:

目前道德心理学中存在对道德推理作用的质疑, 这一质疑源自哲学领域的著名争论。从经典道德心理学理论来说, 道德推理应该是道德行为的重要决定因素, 但新近的观点则否定这一重要作用。本研究采用元分析技术探讨道德推理与道德行为的关系。通过文献搜索与检查, 获得了50项研究和83个独立效应量, 共包含16738名被试。检验表明发表偏差不会影响元分析的结果, 选择随机效应模型是准确的。通过随机效应模型的元分析表明, 道德推理与道德的行为有显著的正相关, 与不道德的行为有显著的负相关。调节效应分析表明, 道德推理测量工具的类型会影响道德推理与道德行为的关系, 被试年龄阶段会影响道德推理与不道德行为的关系。这些结果肯定了道德推理的作用, 也强调了研究过程中要关注测量工具的类型, 指出了需要开发更全面的道德推理测量工具。

关键词: 道德推理, 道德行为, 元分析, 调节效应

Abstract:

According to the theory of Piaget and Kohlberg, whose focuses were the role of moral reasoning in morality, some researchers are inclined to identify moral reasoning as a key factor in predicting moral behavior, moral judgment or moral decision. Over the past decade, some moral psychologists put forward that cognitive factors played a trivial role in morality, while non-cognitive and unconscious factors having great impacts on morality. The controversy of whether moral reasoning can affect moral behavior remained in both theoretical researches and empirical studies. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize empirical results about relationship between moral reasoning and ethical behavior or immoral behavior. Through literature retrieval and selection, in terms of the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, 83 independent effect sizes (50 studies, 16738 participants) were pick out as meta-analysis unit. After coding of data, independent effect sizes were analyzed by CMA 2.2 program. There are four analyses in this research, including heterogeneity test, publication bias test, main effect analysis and moderation effect analysis. In addition, in terms of tentative review analysis and research hypotheses, random effects model was used as meta-analysis model. The test for heterogeneity illustrated that there was significant heterogeneity in 83 independent effect sizes, and also random effects model was a appropriate model for subsequent meta-analysis. The publication bias test indicated that the impact of publication bias was modest but the major finding remained still valid. The research revealed that a positive association between moral reasoning and ethical behavior was found out (r = 0.238) and contrarily a negative relationship between moral reasoning and immoral behavior (r = ?0.188) was disclosed. The moderator analysis revealed that the standardization of moral reasoning measurements affected the relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior, and additionally participant’s age could affect the relationship between moral reasoning and immoral behavior. Specifically, there was a stronger link between moral reasoning and ethical behavior in the process of using standardized instrument, while there being a weaker link between moral reasoning and immoral behavior. Meanwhile, the association between adult moral reasoning and immoral behavior was weaker than adolescent’ or children’ association. The results suggested that moral reasoning could play an important role in moral behavior (ethical behavior and immoral behavior). Researchers, what’s more, are expected to pay much attention to measurement instruments of moral reasoning and standardized instruments in the research of moralities, and especially, the area of ethical behavior. Overall, the findings provided an evidence to prove moral reasoning being the key factor of morality and suggested that developing moral reasoning measurement in connection with immoral behavior is in urgent need.

Key words: moral reasoning, ethical behavior, immoral behavior, meta-analysis