心理学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 421-434.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00421
收稿日期:
2023-03-28
发布日期:
2024-01-17
出版日期:
2024-04-25
通讯作者:
李晶, E-mail: lij@njnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Received:
2023-03-28
Online:
2024-01-17
Published:
2024-04-25
摘要:
本研究设计了3项实验探究多对象情境中一级视觉视角采择的自发性表现。实验1通过改编经典的任务范式, 验证了一级视觉视角采择的过程是可以自发产生的观点。实验2增加了一个虚拟对象, 结果发现存在多个对象的情况下, 尤其是对自我视角进行判断时, 虚拟对象所看到的客体数量一致性会产生群体视角作用, 影响任务绩效。实验3将虚拟对象看到的客体数量设定为不一致, 证明对象间视线的一致性也会吸引被试的注意, 在自我视角和他人视角条件下产生不同的影响作用。总之, 在多对象情境中, 无论该视角是否为目标视角, 人都会高度灵活、自发地对他人视角进行采择, 这一过程受到“本人−目标对象−无关对象”三者间关系的影响, 呈现出基于情境的特有表现。
中图分类号:
豆艳, 李晶. (2024). 多对象情境中一级视觉视角采择的自发性表现. 心理学报, 56(4), 421-434.
DOU Yan, LI Jing. (2024). The spontaneity of Level-1 visual perspective taking: Under the condition of multiple avatars. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(4), 421-434.
判断视角 | 自我−他人客体一致性 | 正确率 | 正确反应时(ms) |
---|---|---|---|
自我 | 一致 | 0.97 ± 0.03 | 715.49 ± 157.63 |
不一致 | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 749.94 ± 173.77 | |
他人 | 一致 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 754.62 ± 156.83 |
不一致 | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 853.92 ± 176.71 |
表1 实验1中被试在不同条件下反应的正确率和正确反应时(M ± SD)
判断视角 | 自我−他人客体一致性 | 正确率 | 正确反应时(ms) |
---|---|---|---|
自我 | 一致 | 0.97 ± 0.03 | 715.49 ± 157.63 |
不一致 | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 749.94 ± 173.77 | |
他人 | 一致 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 754.62 ± 156.83 |
不一致 | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 853.92 ± 176.71 |
判断视角 | 自我−他人客体一致性 | 他人−他人客体一致性 | 正确率 | 正确反应时(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
自我 | 一致 | 一致 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 765.34 ± 35.69 |
不一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 825.44 ± 39.40 | ||
不一致 | 一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 808.80 ± 39.14 | |
不一致 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 787.28 ± 36.40 | ||
他人 | 一致 | 一致 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 885.56 ± 41.63 |
不一致 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 890.75 ± 36.74 | ||
不一致 | 一致 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 1038.37 ± 46.28 | |
不一致 | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 1000.97 ± 39.61 |
表2 实验2中被试在不同条件下反应的正确率和正确反应时(M ± SD)
判断视角 | 自我−他人客体一致性 | 他人−他人客体一致性 | 正确率 | 正确反应时(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
自我 | 一致 | 一致 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 765.34 ± 35.69 |
不一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 825.44 ± 39.40 | ||
不一致 | 一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 808.80 ± 39.14 | |
不一致 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 787.28 ± 36.40 | ||
他人 | 一致 | 一致 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 885.56 ± 41.63 |
不一致 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 890.75 ± 36.74 | ||
不一致 | 一致 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 1038.37 ± 46.28 | |
不一致 | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 1000.97 ± 39.61 |
判断视角 | 自我−他人客体一致性 | 他人−他人视线一致性 | 正确率 | 正确反应时(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
自我 | 一致 | 一致 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 764.81 ± 27.71 |
不一致 | 0.94 ± 0.01 | 783.73 ± 29.37 | ||
不一致 | 一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 806.46 ± 29.61 | |
不一致 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 791.84 ± 29.59 | ||
他人 | 一致 | 一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 889.84 ± 28.60 |
不一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 858.91 ± 27.97 | ||
不一致 | 一致 | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 976.62 ± 29.65 | |
不一致 | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 934.18 ± 27.85 |
表3 实验3中被试在不同条件下反应的正确率和正确反应时(M ± SD)
判断视角 | 自我−他人客体一致性 | 他人−他人视线一致性 | 正确率 | 正确反应时(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
自我 | 一致 | 一致 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 764.81 ± 27.71 |
不一致 | 0.94 ± 0.01 | 783.73 ± 29.37 | ||
不一致 | 一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 806.46 ± 29.61 | |
不一致 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 791.84 ± 29.59 | ||
他人 | 一致 | 一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 889.84 ± 28.60 |
不一致 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 858.91 ± 27.97 | ||
不一致 | 一致 | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 976.62 ± 29.65 | |
不一致 | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 934.18 ± 27.85 |
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