抑郁倾向个体视觉言语情绪信息加工的注意特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1828

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用眼动追踪技术, 探讨抑郁倾向个体对视觉言语情绪信息的注意特征。通过操纵言语信息的情绪性(正性、中性和负性), 设计了两个实验, 分别考察抑郁倾向个体在注意维持和注意脱离方面的表现。结果发现, 在注意维持上, 抑郁倾向个体与健康个体在早期眼动指标上差异不显著, 在晚期眼动指标上出现显著差异。在注意脱离方面, 抑郁倾向个体对负性词的眼跳反应时显著长于正性词, 其负性脱离代价显著高于正性脱离代价。结果提示, 抑郁倾向个体已经出现负性注意偏向及注意脱离控制受损。研究结果为探究抑郁倾向个体加工情绪信息的机制提供了新的数据支持, 并为抑郁早期干预提供注意调节的潜在靶点。

关键词: 抑郁倾向, 注意偏向, 注意脱离, 情绪词

Abstract: Posner divides the components of attention into orientation, maintenance, and disengagement. In some groups with mood disorders, the characteristics of their attention to stimuli are different from those of healthy groups. According to Beck's theory of depression, in groups with mood disorders, such as the subclinically depressed group, they are more inclined to process negative stimuli. At present, few studies have scrutinized subclinically depressed college students on the two characteristics of attention maintenance and disengagement. The present study examined the attentional features of verbal emotional information processing in subclinically depressed college students with the help of eye-tracking technology. Firstly, Experiment 1 explored the processing characteristics of subclinically depressed students in the attention maintenance stage and the timing of their attentional bias by means of a free-viewing paradigm. Second, Experiment 2 explored the processing characteristics of this group in the attention disengagement stage through the gap-overlap paradigm.
The BDI-II-C and CES-D questionnaire were used to screen subclinically depressed participants. In Experiment 1. A two-factor mixed experimental design of 2 (group: subclinically depressed group, control group) × 3 (lexical valence: positive, neutral, negative) was used to examine the attentional characteristics of subclinically depressed participants using a free viewing task. The results revealed that (1) The total fixation time for negative words was significantly longer in the subclinically depressed group than in the control group. (2) The total fixation number of negative words was significantly greater than that of neutral words in subclinically depressed group; The total fixation number of positive words was significantly greater than that of neutral words in control group; (3) On the attentional bias scores, the negative attentional bias scores of the subclinically depressed group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The positive attention bias score of the control group was significantly higher than that of the subclinically depressed group.
Experiment 2 used a gap-overlap paradigm to examine the attentional disengagement of subclinically depressed college students. The experiment was a three-factor mixed experimental design of 3 (lexical valence: positive, neutral, negative) × 2 (group: subclinically depressed group, control group) × 2 (task type: gap task, overlap task). The results found that (1) Only in the overlap task, the saccade reaction time to negative words was significantly longer than that to positive words in the subclinically depressed group; the saccade reaction time to positive words was significantly longer than that to negative words in the control group. (2) The negative disengagement cost was significantly higher than the positive disengagement cost in the subclinically depressed group; The negative disengagement cost of control group was significantly lower than that of neutral disengagement cost.
Based on the above findings, the following conclusions were drawn in this study:
(1) In terms of the characteristics of attention maintenance, the attention bias of subclinically depressed college students does not appear in the early stage, but in the late stage, which is manifested as the attention bias to negative words.
(2) In terms of the characteristics of attentional disengagement, subclinically depressed college students have difficulty in attentional disengagement with negative words.
(3) Subclinically depressed college students showed attentional avoidance of positive words.

Key words: depressive tendencies, attentional bias, attentional disengagement, emotional word

李雨桐, 章吟娴, 李姗, 隋雪. (2026). 抑郁倾向个体视觉言语情绪信息加工的注意特征. 心理学报, 58(9), 1828-1842.

LI Yutong, ZHANG Yinxian, LI Shan, SUI Xue. (2026). Attentional characteristics in processing visual verbal emotional information among individuals with depression prone. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(9), 1828-1842.

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