自我相关性影响情绪词汇加工的时间进程

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00946

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在社会交往中, 判断情绪刺激与自我和他人的相关程度对于情绪加工十分重要。本研究利用ERPs技术, 要求被试默读相继呈现的名字(自我、朋友和陌生人)和情绪性词汇(积极、中性和消极), 考察自我相关信息影响情绪词汇加工的动态时间特征及二者的整合机制。结果发现, 在情绪词汇加工早期, 消极词汇相比积极和中性词汇诱发了波幅更大的EPN。在加工晚期, 消极词汇相比中性词汇诱发波幅更小的N400, 并相对中性和积极词汇诱发更大的LPP。更为重要的是, 在LPP时间窗出现情绪效价和自我相关性的交互作用:与自我名字相关的消极词汇比中性词汇诱发了波幅更大的LPP, 与朋友名字相关的消极词汇比中性和积极词汇诱发了波幅更大的LPP, 而与陌生名字相关的各类词汇诱发的LPP波幅无显著差异。该研究表明, 个体对情绪信息非常敏感, 随着加工的深入会体现出不同的认知过程, 并且会根据自我相关性进行过滤, 在加工晚期与自我相关信息进行整合, 表现出自我和朋友相关的消极情绪的加工优势。

关键词: 情绪词汇, 自我相关性, EPN, LPP

Abstract:

In successful social interactions, distinguishing between our own and another person's emotions is important. For individuals, both self-related information (such as self-name) and emotional stimuli with high sociality or adaptive meaning can automatically capture one's attention, leading to prior and deep processing. Previous studies have confirmed that self-relevance can affect the processing of emotional words. However, there is currently no research using name as a self-relevance clue to investigate whether and how name influences the cognitive processing of emotional words. In the current study, we used names as self-relevance clues to explore the dynamic temporal characteristics of self-related information affecting emotional information and its integration mechanism.

In this study, we used ERP technology and created a 3 (name type: self, friend, unknown) × 3 (emotion type: positive, neutral, negative) within-subjects design. A total of 21 college students (9 males, M_age = 20.4) participated in the experiment. Prior to the experiment, we gathered the participants' own names and their best friends' names, then we found a name that we confirmed was unfamiliar to all participants. All names included three characters. The experimental stimuli were 171 two-character words taken from the Chinese Affective Words System, which included 57 positive, 57 negative and 57 neutral words. The participants were asked to silently read the names (self-name, friend-name and unfamiliar name) and emotional words (positive, neutral and negative) presented in succession, unaware that the presented words were emotional words, while their EEG was recorded.

The ERP results showed the following. (1) The main effect of the emotional words was significant in the early processing stage, and the negative words elicited larger EPN amplitudes (200-300 ms) than the positive and neutral words. (2) In the late processing stage, the emotional words were further processed. The negative words elicited reduced N400 (300-450 ms) compared to the neutral words, and they enhanced LPP compared with the neutral and positive words during 450-650 ms. (3) More importantly, a significant interaction between the names and emotional words was discovered in the LPP time window. The negative words paired with self-names elicited significantly more positive LPP than the neutral words paired with self-names, while the negative words paired with friend-names elicited significantly larger LPP than the positive words and neutral words paired with friend-names. Nevertheless, no significant difference was found among the LPP amplitudes elicited by the three kinds of emotional words paired with unknown names.

Overall, our study demonstrates that there is a processing advantage for negative words in different stages, and self-relevance contained in a name can affect the cognitive processing of emotional words, which mainly occurs in the late stage of emotional lexical processing. Importantly, it seems that individuals first filter information according to whether it is self-related and then process the emotional content (especially negative stimuli) related to themselves or their friends more deeply and elaborately. The negative bias can be explained by the fact that negative stimuli are considered to carry greater informational value than positive stimuli. Therefore, negative stimuli automatically capture more attention and cognitive resources than neutral and positive stimuli, resulting in higher order coding.

Key words: emotional words, self-relevance, EPN, LPP

中图分类号:

B842

张琪, 邓娜丽, 姜秀敏, 李卫君. (2020). 自我相关性影响情绪词汇加工的时间进程. 心理学报, 52(8), 946-957.

ZHANG Qi, DENG Nali, JIANG Xiumin, LI Weijun. (2020). The time course of self-relevance affecting emotional word processing. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(8), 946-957.

图/表 5

表1 刺激的效价、唤醒度、具体性以及词频评分的平均数和标准差(M ± SD)

变量	消极	中性	积极
效价	3.31 ± 0.77	5.11 ± 0.37	6.33 ± 0.84
唤醒度	5.12 ± 1.31	3.44 ± 1.20	4.71 ± 1.20
具体性	4.77 ± 1.32	4.73 ± 1.37	4.95 ± 1.34
词频	34.43 ± 100.63	53.53 ± 110.01	42.29 ± 69

图1 刺激呈现流程图

图2 21名被试EPN成分上诱发效应的总平均波形

图3 21名被试N400和LPP成分上诱发的脑电效应总平均波形

图4 LPP成分上情绪词汇与名字的交互作用(A)及450~650 ms时间窗内与三种名字匹配的消极-积极/消极-中性词汇的差异波地形(B)

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