急性疼痛对个人与替代奖赏加工的调控效应：来自ERP的证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.0015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

疼痛和奖赏是调节人类感知和行为的两个基本激励因素, 其交互机制对理解动机决策具有重要价值。本研究采用改良版金钱激励延迟任务(Monetary Incentive Delay Task, MID), 结合事件相关电位(Event-related potential, ERP)技术, 考察健康个体在急性疼痛影响下的奖赏加工动态特征, 重点关注对个人奖赏(自我导向)和替代奖赏(他人导向)加工的阶段性调节效应。行为结果显示, 疼痛增强了个体在预期阶段的奖赏动机, 表现为更快的反应时和更多的按键次数, 且该效应随奖赏价值提升呈线性增长。ERP结果显示, 在奖赏预期阶段, 疼痛组诱发更大的cue-P2与cue-P3波幅, 提示其对奖赏线索的情绪加工和对替代奖赏的注意增强; 而在奖赏体验阶段, 疼痛组在替代奖赏条件下表现出更大的FRN和P3波幅, 表明其对社会性奖赏结果反馈的神经响应增强。上述结果共同表明, 疼痛对奖赏加工的影响存在阶段性差异：在动机层面表现为一致增强, 而在情绪体验和神经反应层面则更显著地影响替代奖赏。本研究更加全面深入地探讨了疼痛和奖赏二者相互作用的原因和机制, 进一步说明疼痛对奖赏系统的调控具有“动机趋同−体验分离”的双重特性。

关键词: 急性疼痛, 金钱奖赏, 个人奖赏, 替代奖赏, 奖赏预期阶段, 奖赏体验阶段, ERP

Abstract:

Pain and reward are two fundamental forces that motivate behavior and regulate perceptions in humans. The interactions between these forces drive motivational decision-making. This study employed a modified Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task combined with Event-Related Potential (ERP) techniques to examine the dynamics of reward processing under acute pain, with particular focus on the stage-specific modulation of self-oriented (personal) and other-oriented (substitute) rewards in healthy individuals.

The results indicate that acute pain can significantly enhance reward-based motivation during the anticipation phase, as reflected by faster reaction times and increased button presses, with a linear increase corresponding to the magnitude of the potential reward. ERP findings reveal that, in the anticipation phase, participants in the pain group exhibited larger cue-P2 and cue-P3 amplitudes; this suggests heightened emotional processing of reward cues and increased attentional allocation to substitute rewards. Greater FRN and P3 amplitudes were observed in the pain group under substitute reward conditions in the outcome phase, indicating enhanced neural responses to socially directed reward feedback.

Together, these results demonstrate a stage-dependent influence of acute pain on reward processing: while motivational responses uniformly increased across reward types, emotional and neural responses were more prominently modulated for substitute rewards. These findings provide novel evidence of the complex interplay between pain and reward systems and suggest a duality in pain-related modulation—motivational convergence and experiential dissociation—within the reward processing framework.

Key words: acute pain, monetary reward, personal reward, substitute reward, reward anticipation stage, reward experience stage, ERP

中图分类号:

B845

刘沛菡, 彭微微, 王金霞, 李红, 雷怡. (2026). 急性疼痛对个人与替代奖赏加工的调控效应：来自ERP的证据. 心理学报, 58(1), 15-38.

LIU Peihan, PENG Weiwei, WANG Jinxia, LI Hong, LEI Yi. (2026). Acute pain modulates personal and vicarious reward processing: An ERP study. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(1), 15-38.

图/表 10

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变量	疼痛组(n = 32)	对照组(n = 36)	统计分析
年龄	19.19 ± 1.45	20.03 ± 2.09	t(66) =1.90, p = 0.06
性别(男/女)	12/20	12/24	−
优势手(右/左)	32/0	32/0	−
FQQ	72.59 ± 9.97	74.36 ± 8.64	t(66) = 0.78, p = 0.44
IOS	5.5 ± 1.02	5.47 ± 1.13	t(66) = −0.11, p = 0.92
SVO	1.72 ± 0.52	1.67 ± 0.54	t(66) = −0.41, p = 0.69
BDI	7.06 ± 6.41	9.14 ± 6.46	t(66) = 1.33, p = 0.19
SPRSQ	7.81 ± 2.52	8.42 ± 2.08	t(66) = 1.08, p = 0.28
FS-14	5.53 ± 3.56	6.58 ± 2.99	t(66) = 1.32, p = 0.19

变量	疼痛组(n = 32)	对照组(n = 36)	统计分析
年龄	19.19 ± 1.45	20.03 ± 2.09	t(66) =1.90, p = 0.06
性别(男/女)	12/20	12/24	−
优势手(右/左)	32/0	32/0	−
FQQ	72.59 ± 9.97	74.36 ± 8.64	t(66) = 0.78, p = 0.44
IOS	5.5 ± 1.02	5.47 ± 1.13	t(66) = −0.11, p = 0.92
SVO	1.72 ± 0.52	1.67 ± 0.54	t(66) = −0.41, p = 0.69
BDI	7.06 ± 6.41	9.14 ± 6.46	t(66) = 1.33, p = 0.19
SPRSQ	7.81 ± 2.52	8.42 ± 2.08	t(66) = 1.08, p = 0.28
FS-14	5.53 ± 3.56	6.58 ± 2.99	t(66) = 1.32, p = 0.19

变量		1	2	3	4	5	6
1. 按键差异	相关系数	1.000	−0.44^**	0.01	0.13^**	0.04	0.02
1. 按键差异	显著性		0.000	0.896	0.008	0.425	0.672
2. 按键反应时	相关系数		1.000	−0.03	−0.05	0.09	0.01
2. 按键反应时	显著性			0.490	0.370	0.088	0.861
3. cue-P2	相关系数			1.000	0.33^**	0.03	−0.04
3. cue-P2	显著性				0.000	0.505	0.442
4. cue-P3	相关系数				1.000	0.19^**	0.15^**
4. cue-P3	显著性					0.000	0.002
5. FRN	相关系数					1.000	0.73^**
5. FRN	显著性						0.000
6. P3	相关系数						1.000
6. P3	显著性

变量		1	2	3	4	5	6
1. 按键差异	相关系数	1.000	−0.44^**	0.01	0.13^**	0.04	0.02
1. 按键差异	显著性		0.000	0.896	0.008	0.425	0.672
2. 按键反应时	相关系数		1.000	−0.03	−0.05	0.09	0.01
2. 按键反应时	显著性			0.490	0.370	0.088	0.861
3. cue-P2	相关系数			1.000	0.33^**	0.03	−0.04
3. cue-P2	显著性				0.000	0.505	0.442
4. cue-P3	相关系数				1.000	0.19^**	0.15^**
4. cue-P3	显著性					0.000	0.002
5. FRN	相关系数					1.000	0.73^**
5. FRN	显著性						0.000
6. P3	相关系数						1.000
6. P3	显著性