ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (05): 606-612.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

学前儿童对事实、信念、愿望和情绪间关系的认知

杨小冬,方格   

  1. 中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室，北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2004-12-21 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2005-09-30 发布日期:2005-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 方格

Preschooler’s understanding of relations among Reality, belief, desire and emotion

Yang Xiaodong, Fang Ge   

  1. Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
  • Received:2004-12-21 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2005-09-30 Online:2005-09-30
  • Contact: Fan Ge

PDF (PC)

1835

被引次数

73

摘要： 76名3至5岁儿童接受了区分事实和信念、根据信念推测他人愿望、根据愿望推测他人情绪等实验任务，通过考查学前儿童对事实、信念、愿望和情绪间关系的认知，探察学前儿童心理理论发展的特点。结果显示3岁儿童在区分信念和事实时，出现错报事实或错报信念两种错误，而不单纯是现实主义偏向错误；在推测他人愿望时，部分3岁和4岁儿童虽然能够正确报告他人的信念却不能正确推测他人愿望，愿望认知发展有其复杂性的一面。学前儿童主要依据愿望推测他人情绪，儿童对信念和愿望的认知水平制约儿童对他人情绪的理解。

关键词: 心理理论, 事实, 信念, 愿望, 情绪

Abstract: Preschooler’s understanding of relations among reality, belief, desire and emotion was investigated. Three-, 4- and 5-year-old children were required to answer the questions concerning reality-belief distinction, belief-based desire inference, and desire-based emotion inference. Results suggested that 4- and 5-year-olds were able to distinguish reality and belief correctly. It was difficult for 3-year-olds to understand the inconsistency between reality and belief. Both misreport of the reality and misreport of the belief were preschooler’s obvious errors in reality-belief distinction task, but not only “realism errors”. Most 4 and 5-year-olds were able to infer character’s desire based on belief cues. However, some 3-year-olds could not correctly infer character’s desire even if they had correctly reported character’s belief. Preschooler’s emotion understanding performance was influenced by their cognition development of belief and desire.

Key words: theory of mind, reality, belief, desire, emotion

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