ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 745-758.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00745

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

青少年手机压力与心理健康的关系:基于多元宇宙样分析和密集追踪方法

黄顺森1, 来枭雄1,2, 张彩3, 赵心媚1, 代欣然1, 祁梦迪1, 王欢蕾1, 王文荣4, 王耘1()   

  1. 1北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
    2中国教育科学研究院数字教育研究所, 北京 100088
    3北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心, 北京 100875
    4河南省郑州市中牟县教学研究中心, 郑州 451450
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-10 发布日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2024-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 王耘, E-mail: wangyun@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD153)

Relationship between adolescents’ smartphone stress and mental health: Based on the multiverse-style analysis and intensive longitudinal method

HUANG Shunsen1, LAI Xiaoxiong1,2, ZHANG Cai3, ZHAO Xinmei1, DAI Xinran1, QI Mengdi1, WANG Huanlei1, WANG Wenrong4, WANG Yun1()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2Institute of Digital Education, China National Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing 100088, China
    3Collaborative Innovation Centre of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    4Zhongmu Teaching and Research Centre, Zhengzhou 451450, China
  • Received:2023-04-10 Online:2024-04-08 Published:2024-06-25

摘要:

为探究手机压力与青少年心理健康的关系及其作用机制, 研究1基于74182名青少年样本, 采用多元宇宙样分析检验了手机压力与青少年心理健康的稳健性关系; 研究2对507名青少年采取为期35天的密集追踪测查, 探究了手机压力影响青少年心理健康的机制。研究1发现50%以上青少年报告对手机有过压力感受, 且手机压力与心理健康之间的负向关联是稳健的, 这值得研究者和社会的关注。研究2发现反刍和消极情绪的强度/波动性在手机压力和心理健康间起到中介作用, 且二者对积极和消极心理健康维度的作用机制有一定差异。研究首次扩展了数字化时代背景下“压力−认知/情绪”理论和“媒体使用−数字化压力−心理健康”模型的广度和深度, 为促进青少年心理健康发展提供了新的视角和依据。

关键词: 手机压力, 数字化压力, 心理健康, 反刍, 消极情绪

Abstract:

Adolescents frequently encounter elevated levels of digital stress by exposure to digital media (e.g., smartphone stress). Their ongoing brain development increases adolescents’ susceptibility to digital stress, making them more vulnerable to its adverse effects. Among digital devices, smartphones are the most widely used ones by adolescents and a primary source of digital stress. The current study aims to investigate the robust association between digital stress, specifically smartphone stress, and adolescent mental health. The study also aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this association.

In Study 1, a multiverse-style analysis was employed to investigate the robust relationship between smartphone stress and mental health (depression and well-being) in a large sample of adolescents (N= 74 182, male = 39 192). This method was chosen for its robustness of various data manipulations to test the effect of interest, and median β and NSRPD (number of significant results in predominant direction) were used as statistical inference indicators of the effect. In Study 2, we conducted an intensive longitudinal design to examine the mechanism of how smartphone stress affects mental health among adolescents (N= 477, female = 214, Mage= 12.67 ± 0.31). Before intensive longitudinal design, we assessed smartphone stress, well-being, and depression (T1). Subsequently, daily rumination (consecutive 17 days, T2) and daily negative mood (consecutive 18 days, T3) were assessed over a 35-day period. Upon intensive longitudinal design, we once again measured well-being and depression (T4). We found that rumination, negative emotion (NE), and rumination-NE (serial mediation) mediate the link between smartphone stress and mental health (smartphone stress-depression model, smartphone stress-well-being model).

Study 1 indicated that over half of adolescents (52.6% of grade 4 students and 78.2% of grade 8 students) experienced smartphone stress. Furthermore, smartphone stress strongly and robustly predicted depression (Median β = 0.37, p < 0.001, NSRPD = 160/160, p< 0.001, partial r2 = 0.172) and well-being (Median β = −0.14, p < 0.001, NSRPD = 160/160, p < 0.001, partial r2 = 0.011). Effect sizes from both outcomes (partial r2 > 0.010) are capable to inform policy and the public sphere. Study 2 revealed that rumination intensity, negative emotion intensity, and rumination-negative emotion intensity mediate the relationship between smartphone stress and depression. However, no mediation was found for rumination or negative emotion fluctuation. In smartphone stress-well-being model, negative emotion intensity and rumination-negative emotion intensity, but not rumination intensity, mediated the association between smartphone stress and well-being. Moreover, negative emotion and rumination-negative emotion fluctuation, but not rumination fluctuation, mediated the association between smartphone stress and well-being. Therefore, the intensity and fluctuation of rumination and negative emotion are common mediators in the relationship between smartphone stress and depression/well-being, while the effects of mechanisms are outcome-dependent.

The findings pinpoint the significant and robust effect of smartphone stress on depression and well-being among adolescents. The mediation of rumination and negative emotion in the relationship between smartphone stress and mental health probes into the mechanism of this relationship. These results support classic theories (e.g., the Emotional Cascade Model) and confirm and enrich the recent Media use-Digital stress-Mental health model. These findings could also inform future interventions for mental health problems related to smartphone stress.

Key words: smartphone stress, digital stress, mental health, rumination, negative emotion

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