ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 152-157.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

整体与部件表征在物体图形识别中的作用

何海东;焦书兰;丁锦红   

  1. 中国科学院心理研究所!北京100101,中国科学院心理研究所!北京100101,中国科学院心理研究所!北京100101
  • 发布日期:2000-06-25 出版日期:2000-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 何海东

THE ROLE OF REPRESENTATION OF THE WHOLE AND THE COMPONENTS IN OBJECT IDENTIFICATION

He Haidong ;Jiao Shulan; Ding Jinhong (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101)   

  • Online:2000-06-25 Published:2000-06-25

摘要： 研究通过三个实验探讨了物体表征及其对识别的影响，特别是整体与部件的关系。实验一主要研究物体整体与部件分别对物体识别的影响；实验二考察部件之间的相对距离、分割方式对物体识别的影响；实验三对自然分割和非自然分割的信息表征特点进行了进一步探讨。结果表明：（１）被试在识别被人为分成几个部分的图形时，可能运用心理操作将各部分“拼凑”起来，然后再进行识别。（２）对物体的表征是多元的，既可以通过整体特征达到对物体的识别，也可以通过局部特征识别物体。（３）部件的表征具有一定独立性，可以通过部分信息完形出整体，而不受物体熟悉度的影响。如果能够识别构成物体的部件以及确定其间的空间关系，就可以实现对物体整体的识别，但部件识别不是物体识别的绝对前提。

关键词: 物体, 图形, 识别, 分割, 熟悉度

Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of object representation on its identification, especially the relationship between the whole and the components. Experiment one dealt with how the components and the whole impact on the identification of an object The second experiment investigated on the role of relative distances and parting methods in identifying an object. Finally, the representation of objects was studied when they were naturally and non-naturally parted. The results indicated that : (1) when an object was separated into parts, mental operations were used to merge them during identification; (2) the object could be identified through either the components or the whole; (3) representation of different components were independent of each other, an object could be figured out regardless of its familiarity. The objects could be identified if their components and their space relationships were obtained. However, identification of components was not the absolute condition for identifying an object.

Key words: object , picture, identification, parting, familiarity