关键词: 脱贫家庭青少年, 社会流动信念, 亲社会行为, 城乡差异, 纵向发展关系

Abstract: China has entered a new stage of consolidating achievements in poverty alleviation. However, still face a long period of relative poverty, and we need to pay attention to the adolescents from out-of-poverty families. The social mobility belief is an important embodiment of the strong endogenous driving force for independent development and the realization of life value, which is related to the positive socialization development of adolescents from out-of-poverty families. Based on social identity theory, this study examined the longitudinal relationship of social mobility belief and prosocial behavior among adolescents from out-of-poverty families, and whether the longitudinal relationship is moderated by urban-rural differences among adolescents from out-of-poverty families. This work followed 815 adolescents (Mage11.38±2.30 years old, 58% girls) from out-of-poverty families, with two follow-up surveys administered during the following two years. All scales showed good reliability. Data analyses were made by SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 8.4. Using the parallel latent growth model to explore the longitudinal relationship of social mobility belief and prosocial behavior, then using the latent growth interaction model to explore the moderate role of rural-urban differences in this longitudinal relationship. Results showed that: (1) The social mobility belief showed a linear increased development trajectory (β = 0.22, p = 0.004), and prosocial behavior showed a linear decreased development trajectory (β= –0.26, p﹤0.001) among adolescents from out-of-poverty families. (2) When controlling for gender, the parallel latent growth model showed that the initial level of social mobility belief positively predicted the initial level of prosocial behavior (β = 0.38, p﹤0.001) and negatively predicted the decline of prosocial behavior (β = –0.12, p = 0.065), meanwhile, the increased development trajectory of social mobility belief negatively predicted the decline of prosocial behavior (β = –0.37, p = 0.015). (3) The latent growth interaction model showed rural-urban differences playing a moderate role in the longitudinal relationship of social mobility belief and prosocial behavior. Specifically, compared with urban adolescents of out-of-poverty families, the higher the initial level of social mobility belief, the higher the initial level of prosocial behavior (β = 0.32, p﹤0.001); The faster the growth rate of social mobility belief, the stronger the prediction effect on slowing down the decline rate of prosocial behavior of adolescents from rural out-of-poverty families (β = 0.49, p﹤0.001). The findings of this study demonstrate the longitudinal relationship of social mobility belief and prosocial behavior among adolescents from out-of-poverty families, as well as the moderate role of urban-rural differences. These findings suggest that the upward trend of social mobility belief can promote the positive social development of young people in rural poverty-stricken families. Meanwhile, enhancing the belief in the social mobility of adolescents in rural out-of-poverty families could further alleviate the decreased development of prosocial behavior.

Key words: adolescents from out-of-poverty families, social mobility belief, prosocial behavior, urban-rural differences, longitudinal relationship