情绪效价、唤醒度和有无评价影响手部动作

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00890

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究探讨情绪正-负效价、唤醒度水平(高、中、低)以及有意识评价对推拉动作的影响。分3个实验进行, 收集反应时(RT)和手部动作指标等。实验1使用正-负效价下高、中、低唤醒水平的图片进行评价并执行推-拉动作任务; 实验2使用中性图片和灰色空白图片完成相同任务; 实验3在不进行效价评估情况下完成推-拉动作。结果表明(1)情绪效价对反应时, 运动时间和到达峰速时间等有显著影响：向上拖动图片时, 消极图片拖得更快; 向下拖动时, 则积极图片更快。(2)情绪唤醒度调节情绪效价对推-拉动作的作用：唤醒度越高, 情绪效价尤其是负性情绪对推-拉动作的作用越大; 反之, 则作用越小。(3)无评价条件下, 情绪效价对推-拉动作无显著影响; 即情绪对动作的影响需要有意识评价的参与。这些结果说明情绪对推拉动作影响可能发生在早期, 不仅影响动作计划, 而且影响到随后动作的执行, 而高唤醒度和有意识评价增强了这种影响。

关键词: 接近-回避, 情绪, 手部动作, 唤醒, 评估

Abstract:

The positive-negative valence of emotion affecting hand movements toward or away from the body is known as the approach-avoidance effect. Previous studies have shown that the positive images elicit quicker reaction on approach movement while negative images are sensitive to the avoidance. However, few studies have focused on how emotion affects the complete process of the movement. In current research, the effects of valence, arousal and appraisal of emotion on the dragging movement were investigated.

A push-pull task was performed on a touch screen to evaluate the ramifications which emotion holds for hand movement. Twenty-four right-handed participants volunteered in Experiments 1 and 2, and fifteen of these participants continued Experiment 3 two months later. In Experiments 1 and 3, emotional pictures with half positive and half negative valences included equal numbers of high-, medium- and low- arousal images. Participants were required to drag pictures upward or downward with their index finger. Experiment 1 and 3 differed in that only in Experiment 1 did the participants evaluate the valence of pictures. Neutral pictures as well as grey blank images were exploited in Experiment 2 to rule out the effects of other factors.

Repeated-measured ANOVA and Paired t-tests were carried out. The results illustrate that (1) approaching (pulling) the positive pictures or avoiding (pushing) the negative ones yields faster dragging movement; (2) compared to medium and low arousal, high arousal enhances the emotional effect, especially in negative condition; (3) the emotional effect diminishes when participants did not evaluate the valence of images, and when neutral images (e.g., furniture) and grey blank images were displayed.

In conclusion, this study indicates that the emotion does not only affect the reaction time of approach-avoidance movement, but also affects the latter hand movement. In addition, arousal and appraisal play an important role in this effect. This result suggests that the effects of emotion on the dragging movement might happen at the early stage and thus both movement programming and motor control are influenced by emotions.

Key words: approach-avoidance, emotion, hand movement, arousal, appraisal

中图分类号:

B842

唐日新, 李佳佳, 王志鹏. (2019). 情绪效价、唤醒度和有无评价影响手部动作. 心理学报, 51(8), 890-902.

TANG Rixin, LI Jiajia, WANG Zhipeng. (2019). Valence, arousal and appraisal of emotion influence the hand movement. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(8), 890-902.

图/表 7

图1 实验流程图。图片在分辨率为1920×1080像素的21.5英寸电脑屏幕上呈现和拖动, 请被试按要求站在距电脑屏幕10~15 cm稍接近电脑左半侧的位置, 电脑屏幕中央矩形框会在程序打开后呈现不同效价图片, 图片内靠右侧有一个提示被试放食指(贴marker点)的圆形筐, 屏幕上下两个边缘处各有一个拖放图片的矩形框, 三个矩形框大小一样均为10cm×10cm, 矩形框背景颜色为中性的米黄色。

图2 实验1向上拖动正、负效价图片在反应时、到达峰速时间、运动时间和峰速上均值的比较

图3 实验1向下拖动正、负效价图片在反应时、到达峰速时间、运动时间和峰速上均值的比较

图4 实验2向上拖动中性图片和灰色空白图片在反应时、到达峰速时间、运动时间和峰速上均值的比较

图5 实验2向下拖动中性图片、灰色空白图片在反应时、到达峰速时间、运动时间和峰速上均值的比较

图6 实验3向上拖动正、负效价图片在反应时、到达峰速时间、运动时间和峰速上均值的比较

图7 实验3向下拖动正、负效价图片在反应时、到达峰速时间、运动时间和峰速上均值的比较

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