Abstract: In the field of cognitive control, the color-word Stroop task is widely utilized to investigate the internal neural bias of conflict processing. This paper first summarized the stimulus conflict and response conflict involved in the color-word Stroop task as well as two kinds of experiment paradigms usually used to investigate the Stroop interference. Afterward we introduced the neural dynamics of stimulus conflict and response conflict: The event-related potential (ERP) researches proved that the modulation of amplitude of N450 reflected conflict detection, the modulation of amplitude of conflict sustained potential (SP) reflected resolution of response conflict; the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) researches substantiated that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) played important roles in the processes of conflict detection and the implement of cognitive control, respectively. Lastly, in allusion to the issues resulting from the traditional experiment paradigm in the study of stimulus conflict and response conflict, improved methods and new trends of cognitive neurosciences were proposed.

Key words: color-word Stroop task, stimulus conflict, response conflict, ERP, fMRI