The mechanisms and functions of inter-brain synchronization

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.0439

Abstract

Abstract:

By simultaneously recording brain signals from multiple individuals during interpersonal communication, inter-brain synchronization (IBS) have been consistently observed in hyperscanning studies. Through co-representation and mutual prediction mechanisms, indirect factors such as similar sensory inputs, motor outputs, and attentional arousal between individuals, as well as inter-individual information transfer activities, drive IBS. It's worth noting that the mirror neuron system, the mentalizing system, and the mutual attention, synchronization, and reward loop play important roles. The strength of IBS is modulated by the interaction type and intensity, task context, interpersonal relationships, and individual characteristics and states. IBS may have functional significance in interpersonal movement coordination, verbal communication and the establishment of social bonds. Further research can explore the relationship between “co-representation” and “mutual prediction” mechanisms, interpersonal “de-synchronization”, cross-brain plasticity, and the comparison of different forms of interaction.

Key words: interpersonal interaction, inter-brain synchronization, co-representation, predictive coding

CLC Number:

B845

SHU Xindi, LIU Hanyin, WANG Jin, LIU Zhiyuan, LIU Lanfang. The mechanisms and functions of inter-brain synchronization[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2025, 33(3): 439-451.

Figures/Tables 2

References 86

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因素类型	具体变量
互动类型与强度	类型：语言交流、非语言交流、肢体动作; 强度：低、中、高
任务情境	合作、竞争、独立、任务收益
人际关系	依恋关系、群组身份、文化背景
个体特质与状态	性别、年龄、人格、共情、注意、情绪、动机

因素类型	具体变量
互动类型与强度	类型：语言交流、非语言交流、肢体动作; 强度：低、中、高
任务情境	合作、竞争、独立、任务收益
人际关系	依恋关系、群组身份、文化背景
个体特质与状态	性别、年龄、人格、共情、注意、情绪、动机