Abstract: Temporal error monitoring is a key area of time perception research, aiming to enhance behavioral performance and cognitive efficiency by identifying and regulating time estimation errors. This review systematically explores the core concepts, task paradigms, and metacognitive regulation mechanisms in temporal error monitoring, focusing on the roles of self-assessment, feedback regulation, and decision confidence in optimizing time perception and behavioral adjustments. By integrating neurophysiological findings, we examine brain electrical components and neural oscillations associated with errors and feedback, providing new insights into their neural foundations. Despite the significant contributions of existing research, challenges persist in the longitudinal study of development patterns, refinement of task paradigms, and enhanced integration of multimodal neuroimaging techniques in research. Future studies should address these issues to advance theoretical understanding and enhance clinical diagnostic applications.

Key words: Temporal Error Monitoring, Time perception, Metacognition, Neural mechanisms