ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (8): 1205-1217.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2014.01205

• 决策心理学专栏 •    下一篇

行为决策中框架效应研究新思路 —— 从风险决策到跨期决策, 从言语框架到图形框架

刘扬;孙彦   

  1. (1中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室, 北京100101) (2中国科学院大学人文学院, 北京100049)
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-26 出版日期:2014-08-15 发布日期:2014-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 孙彦
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金委项目(71001098)支持。

New Avenues for Framing Effect Research in Decision-making: From Risky to Intertemporal and from Verbal to Graph Framing

LIU Yang;SUN Yan   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China) (2 College of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Received:2014-04-26 Online:2014-08-15 Published:2014-08-15
  • Contact: SUN Yan

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摘要：

框架效应是指对同一问题的等价描述却导致不同的决策偏好的现象, 其作为一种明确的违背不变性原则的非理性偏差, 一直是行为决策研究领域的关注热点。近年来, 行为决策中的框架效应研究出现了一些新的转变, 我们以自己的研究为基础, 梳理了框架效应研究的几个新思路：首先, 从研究领域来看, 框架效应研究的焦点从最初的风险决策逐渐扩展至跨期决策; 其次, 从框架效应类型来看, 出现了排除语言影响后更纯净的图形框架效应; 再次, 从框架效应的解释机制来看, 研究者对经典的预期理论这一补偿性(计算)模型提出了质疑, 更多地采用非补偿性模型解释, 其中以齐当别模型和模糊痕迹理论为代表。最后, 我们展望了框架效应的未来发展方向, 期望本文能给后续研究者提供参考和启发, 推动国内框架效应研究的进一步发展。

关键词: 框架效应, 风险决策, 跨期决策, 图形框架效应, 齐当别模型, 预期理论

Abstract:

The description invariance principle, which is one of the axioms of normative economic theory, requires that equivalent descriptions of a problem yield the same preference ordering. However, several studies have revealed that people often violate the invariance principle in real world decision-making. This action is known as preference-framing effects in decision-making. We reviewed new findings on the framing effect in the field of risky and intertemporal decision-making. We presented the framing effect research with a verbal as well as graphical frame. We also introduced compensatory models (e.g., prospect theory) and non-compensatory models (e.g., equate-to-differentiate model) as the psychological mechanism. This review encourages future researchers to extend the study of framing effects.

Key words: framing effect, risky decision-making, intertemporal decision-making, graph framing effect, equate-to-differentiate model, prospect theory