ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (10): 1642-1650.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2012.01642

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年歧视的特点、机制与干预

姜兆萍;周宗奎   

  1. (1武汉大学哲学学院心理系, 武汉 430072) (2华中师范大学心理学学院暨青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079)
  • 收稿日期:2012-01-17 出版日期:2012-10-15 发布日期:2012-10-23
  • 通讯作者: 周宗奎
  • 基金资助:

    国家社科基金重大项目(11&ZD151)、湖北省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(2010b007)、武汉大学自主项目(20110323)和中国发展基金会资助。

Characters, Mechanism, and Intervenes of Ageism

JIANG Zhao-Ping;ZHOU Zong-Kui   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China) (2 School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China)
  • Received:2012-01-17 Online:2012-10-15 Published:2012-10-23
  • Contact: ZHOU Zong-Kui

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摘要： 目前在全球范围内普遍存在老年歧视和消极的老化态度。2~3岁的幼儿就已经具有了老化的消极刻板印象, 家庭、社会、媒体和图书资料是为人们提供消极老化态度的主要来源, 而缺少代际接触、缺乏对老化知识的了解是人们形成老年歧视的主要原因。老年歧视会影响个体的行为、自我老化接受度、心理健康状况、生活方式以及择业。了解老化知识信息、讨论老龄化问题, 以及与老年人直接接触等方法可以帮助人们改变老化消极刻板印象, 并且代际接触的质量比数量更重要。目前, 老年歧视的研究横向研究多, 纵向研究少; 特点描述、干预研究多, 机制研究较少; 研究方法多样, 测量工具不同, 导致研究结果不同, 各研究间难以进行比较, 如直接测量主观态度的老年歧视调查, 人们表现出更多的积极态度, 而采用间接方法测量时, 人们则表现出更多的消极态度。我国对老年歧视的研究有待进一步深入和扩展。

关键词: 老龄化, 老化态度, 老年歧视, 刻板印象

Abstract: Ageism attitudes are prevalent all over the world. Children as young as two or three years old have been found to have negative stereotypes of ageing. Family, social influences, media sources, and literature are the most primary agents in providing children with negative information and ideas about older adults. And lacks of intergenerational contact and ageing information are identified as primary reasons for people developing ageism. Ageism impacts individual behavior, acceptance of personal ageing, mental health, living style, and career choice. Discussing ageing, interacting with older adults directly, and acquiring knowledge about ageing are ways to change negative stereotypes of ageing. Quality but not quantity of intergenerational contact is more influential compared of the quantity of intergenerational contact. Researches on ageism have some limitations, such as more cross-sectional researches and less longitudinal researches, more researches on characters and intervenes and less on mechanism, diverse methods and instruments result in inconsistent findings, in directly subjective measures, participants tend to express more positive attitude, and indirect measures of ageism indicate more strongly negative views. The researches on Chinese ageism should be conducted thoroughly.

Key words: ageing, attitudes toward ageing, ageism, stereotypes