ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 2735-2745.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.02735

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

面孔-人格知觉中眼部线索及其效应

田珈源, 龙彦伶, 杨虹, 吴惠芳, 薛鹏, 蒋重清()   

  1. 辽宁师范大学心理学院, 大连 116029
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-25 出版日期:2022-12-15 发布日期:2022-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 蒋重清 E-mail:jzqcjj@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省教育厅自然科学基金重大攻关项目(LZ2020001)

Cues of eye region and their effects on face-personality perception

TIAN Jiayuan, LONG Yanling, YANG Hong, WU Huifang, XUE Peng, JIANG Zhongqing()   

  1. College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
  • Received:2022-05-25 Online:2022-12-15 Published:2022-09-23
  • Contact: JIANG Zhongqing E-mail:jzqcjj@hotmail.com

摘要:

人们常常会基于他人面孔特征对其人格做出相应推论。在影响面孔-人格知觉的五官特征中, 眼部特征最具复杂性。总体上, 眼部线索可分为可变和不可变两大类。可变线索包括注视方向、眼睑开放程度与眼部区域的表情等; 不可变线索包括眼睛大小、巩膜着色程度、虹膜颜色以及巩膜暴露指数等。从以上线索效应的潜在作用机制来看, 可以将眼部线索分为三大类, 即受病理因素影响的眼部线索、与特定群体相关的眼部线索和受主观意识或生理因素调控的眼部线索。此外, 也进一步指出了未来研究还需加以考虑的其他眼部特征效应, 以及待拓展深入的研究视角。

关键词: 面孔, 人格知觉, 眼部知觉线索

Abstract:

People often make inferences about personality based on facial features. Among the facial features affecting face-personality perception, eye features are the most complex. According to the distributed human neural system for face perception, cues from eye region can be divided into two categories: changeable and invariant aspects. Changeable cues include gaze direction, eyelid-openness, eye expression and pupil size; invariant cues include eye size, sclera color, iris color, sclera size index, limbal ring, glasses and eye makeup.
From the perspective of underlying mechanism, eye cues can be divided into three major categories, namely, cues affected by pathological factors, cues associated with specific groups, and cues regulated by subjective awareness or physiological factors. Cues affected by pathological factors are often studied from an evolutionary cognitive perspective, including eye size, sclera color, limbal ring, pupil size, eye makeup, eyelid-openness and glasses; cues associated with specific groups are those that indicate gender, age, race, ethnicity, nationality, social class, etc. Such cues are often studied in terms of stereotypes, including eye size, glasses and eye makeup; cues regulated by subjective awareness or physiological factors can be studied from the behavioral tendency conveyed by expressions and the emotional induction of expressions on perceivers, including eye expression, gaze direction and pupil size. For pupil size and gaze direction, it can be explained by the adaptive-gain theory and approach-avoidance motivational brain systems, respectively.
Future research can be expanded from the following five aspects: (1) Starting from the behavioral cues of the eyes, to explore the accuracy of personality inference; (2) Explore the rules and functions of the different mechanisms of multi-cues in the eyes in integrating perception; (3) The similarities and differences of the effects exhibited by infectious eye cues and non-infectious eye cues remain to be revealed; (4) The adjustment of the perceiver's own personality traits to the effect of eye cues in face-personality perception; (5) From the perspective of evolutionary cognition, eye cues can be further divided into “self-interested cues” and “altruistic cues”. Self-interested cues are the cues of the perceived person's own adaptation to the environment (such as sclera color, limbal ring); altruistic cues are the cues that the perceived person helps the perceiver to adapt to the environment (such as sclera size index). Whether the perceiver can recognize “altruistic” cues and produce a stable effect, and what are the similarities and differences between the effects of "self-interested" cues and "altruistic" cues, remains to be explored.

Key words: face, personality perception, perceptual clues of eye region

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