增龄性联结记忆损伤及其影响因素

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01677

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

老年人的联结记忆随年龄增长而出现普遍损伤, 这种增龄性联结记忆损伤究竟是因捆绑功能受损导致的特定损伤还是因整体认知机能受损导致的信息表征能力的整体损伤, 还存有争论。以Naveh-Benjamin (2000)的联结损伤假说(ADH)为代表的特定损伤观认为, 增龄性联结记忆损伤与老年人捆绑不同项目和提取这些捆绑的特定加工过程的损伤有关; 而以Benjamin (2010)的DRYAD模型为代表的整体损伤观则认为, 增龄性联结记忆损伤与老年人因老化而导致的记忆保持精度的整体损伤有关。二者在基本观点、实验支持及存在问题上各有侧重。此外, 影响增龄性联结损伤的因素还可大致分为刺激信息特性、被试主体特点两方面。同时强调未来研究不仅要关注老年人联结损伤的认知机制和影响因素, 更应关注其实际应用和临床指导价值。

关键词: 联结记忆, 老化, 增龄性联结损伤, 整体损伤观, 特定损伤观

Abstract:

Associative memory is generally impaired with age in older adults. It continues to be controversial about the mechanism of age-related associative memory deficit, whether the age-related associative memory deficit is a specific deficit caused by impaired binding function or a global deficit of information representation caused by impaired global cognitive function. The specific deficit view represented by the Associative Deficit Hypothesis (ADH) proposed by Naveh-Benjamin (2000) believed that the age-related associative memory deficit was associated with a deficit of specific processing processes for encoding and retrieving the binding of items in older adults. However, the global deficit view represented by the DRYAD model proposed by Benjamin (2010) suggested that the age-related associative memory deficit was linked to the global deficit in memory fidelity in the elderly. Both the ADH and the DRYAD model predict that associative memory will be impaired in older adults, but these two theories have their own different assumptions, corresponding empirical evidence, and some potential limitations. In addition, the factors affecting the age-related associative deficit were discussed from two aspects: the characteristics of the stimuli and participants. Future studies should not only focus on the cognitive mechanism and influencing factors of the age-related associative deficit, but also pay more attention to its practical application and clinical guiding value.

Key words: associative memory, aging, age-related associative deficit, global deficit view, specific deficit view

中图分类号:

B842

赵梦阳, 郭若宇, 毛伟宾, 赵参参. (2019). 增龄性联结记忆损伤及其影响因素. 心理科学进展 , 27(10), 1677-1686.

ZHAO Mengyang, GUO Ruoyu, MAO Weibin, ZHAO Cancan. (2019). Age-related associative memory deficit and its influential factors. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(10), 1677-1686.

参考文献 71

[1]	赵浩远, 白鹭, 杨小凡, 毛伟宾 . ( 2016). 情绪对联结记忆的影响:增强还是削弱?. 心理研究9( 2), 9-15.
[2]	郑志伟, 李娟, 肖凤秋 . ( 2015). 熟悉性能够支持联结记忆:一体化编码的作用. 心理科学进展, 23( 2), 202-212.
[3]	郑志伟, 肖凤秋, 郎敏佳, 李瑾, 李娟 . ( 2017). 情节记忆年老化——来自事件相关电位的证据. 中国老年学杂志, 37( 20), 5200-5204.
[4]	Addis D. R., Giovanello K. S., Vu M. A., & Schacter D. L . ( 2014). Age-related changes in prefrontal and hippocampal contributions to relational encoding. Neuroimage, 84( 1), 19-26.
[5]	Amieva H., Mokri H., Le G. M., Meillon C., Jacqmin- Gadda H., & Foubert-Samier A., … Dartigues J. F . ( 2014). Compensatory mechanisms in higher-educated subjects with Alzheimer's disease: A study of 20 years of cognitive decline. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 137( Pt 4), 1167-1175.
[6]	Ariel R., Price J., & Hertzog C . ( 2015). Age-related associative memory deficits in value-based remembering: The contribution of agenda-based regulation and strategy use. Psychology & Aging, 30( 4), 795-808.
[7]	Aue W. R., Criss A. H., & Fischetti N. W . ( 2012). Associative information in memory: Evidence from cued recall. Journal of Memory & Language, 66( 1), 109-122.
[8]	Badham S. P., Estes Z., & Maylor E. A . ( 2012). Integrative and semantic relations equally alleviate age-related associative memory deficits. Psychology & Aging, 27( 1), 141-152.
[9]	Badham S. P., & Maylor, E. A. ( 2011). Age-related associative deficits are absent with nonwords. Psychology & Aging, 26( 3), 689-694.
[10]	Benjamin A. S . ( 2010). Representational explanations of “process” dissociations in recognition: The DRYAD theory of aging and memory judgments. Psychological Review, 117( 4), 1055-1079.
[11]	Benjamin A. S . ( 2016). Aging and associative recognition: A view from the DRYAD model of age-related memory deficits. Psychology and Aging, 31( 1), 14-20.
[12]	Benjamin A. S., Diaz M., Matzen L. E., & Johnson B . ( 2012). Tests of the DRYAD theory of the age-related deficit in memory for context: Not about context, and not about aging. Psychology & Aging, 27( 2), 418-428.
[13]	Bisby J. A., & Burgess N., ( 2014). Negative affect impairs associative memory but not item memory. Learning & Memory, 21( 1), 21-7.
[14]	Brubaker M. S., & Naveh-Benjamin M. ( 2018). The effects of stereotype threat on the associative memory deficit of older adults. Psychology & Aging, 33( 1), 17-29.
[15]	Canli T., Desmond J. E., Zhao Z., & Gabrieli, J. D. E . ( 2002). Sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99( 16), 10789-10794.
[16]	Castel A. D . ( 2007). The adaptive and strategic use of memory by older adults: Evaluative processing and value- directed remembering. Psychology of Learning & Motivation, 48( 12), 225-270.
[17]	Castel A. D., Benjamin A. S., Craik F. I. M., & Watkins M. J . ( 2002). The effects of aging on selectivity and control in short-term recall. Memory & Cognition, 30( 7), 1078-1085.
[18]	Chalfonte B. L., & Johnson, M. K. ( 1996). Feature memory and binding in young and older adults. Memory & Cognition, 24( 4), 403-416.
[19]	Cohen M. S., Rissman J., Suthana N. A., Castel A. D., & Knowlton B. J . ( 2016). Effects of aging on value-directed modulation of semantic network activity during verbal learning. Neuroimage, 125, 1046-1062.
[20]	Craik F. I. M, & Rose, N. S. ( 2012). Memory encoding and aging: A neurocognitive perspective. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36( 7), 1729-1739.
[21]	Diana R. A., Yonelinas A. P., & Ranganath C . ( 2007). Imaging recollection and familiarity in the medial temporal lobe: A three-component model. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11( 9), 379-386.
[22]	Diana R. A., Yonelinas A. P., & Ranganath C . ( 2008). The effects of unitization on familiarity-based source memory: Testing a behavioral prediction derived from neuroimaging data. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory & Cognition, 34( 4), 730-740.
[23]	Dunlosky J., & Hertzog C. ( 1998). Aging and deficits in associative memory: What is the role of strategy production? Psychology & Aging, 13( 4), 597-607.
[24]	Earles J. L., Kersten A. W., Vernon L. L., & Starkings R . ( 2016). Memory for positive, negative and neutral events in younger and older adults: Does emotion influence binding in event memory? Cognition & Emotion, 30( 2), 378-388.
[25]	Eichenbaum H., Yonelinas A. P., & Ranganath C . ( 2007). The medial temporal lobe and recognition memory. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 30( 1), 123-152.
[26]	Fine H. C., Shing Y. L., & Naveh-Benjamin M . ( 2018). Effects of changes in schematic support and of item repetition on age-related associative memory deficits: Theoretically- driven empirical attempts to reduce older adults’ high false alarm rate. Psychology & Aging, 33( 1), 57-73.
[27]	Guez J., & Lev D. ( 2016). A picture is worth a thousand words? not when it comes to associative memory of older adults. Psychology & Aging, 31( 1), 37-41.
[28]	Guillet R., & Arndt J. ( 2009). Taboo words: The effect of emotion on memory for peripheral information. Memory & Cognition, 37( 6), 866-879.
[29]	Hargis M. B., Mcgillivray S., & Castel A. D . ( 2017). Memory for textbook covers: When and why we remember a book by its cover. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 32( 1), 39-46.
[30]	Hennessee J. P., Knowlton B. J., & Castel A. D . ( 2018). The effects of value on context-item associative memory in younger and older adults. Psychology & Aging, 33( 1), 46-56.
[31]	Hess T. M., Auman C., Colcombe S. J., & Rahhal T. A . ( 2003). The impact of stereotype threat on age differences in memory performance. The Journals of Gerontology Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58( 1), 3-11.
[32]	Kamp S. M., & Zimmer, H. D. ( 2015). Contributions of attention and elaboration to associative encoding in young and older adults. Neuropsychologia, 75, 252-264.
[33]	Karlamangla A. S., Miller-Martinez D., Aneshensel C. S., Seeman T. E., Wight R. G., & Chodosh J . ( 2009). Trajectories of cognitive function in late life in the United States: Demographic and socioeconomic predictors. American Journal of Epidemiology, 170( 3), 331-342.
[34]	Kersten A. W., Earles J. L., Curtayne E. S., & Lane J. C . ( 2008). Adult age differences in binding actors and actions in memory for events. Memory & Cognition, 36( 1), 119-131.
[35]	Kilb A., & Naveh-Benjamin M. ( 2007). Paying attention to binding: Further studies assessing the role of reduced attentional resources in the associative deficit of older adults. Memory & Cognition, 35( 5), 1162-1174.
[36]	Li S. C., Naveh-Benjamin M., & Lindenberger U . ( 2005). Aging neuromodulation impairs associative binding: neurocomputational account. Psychological Science, 16( 6), 445-450.
[37]	Mao W. B., Shu A., & Yang X. F . ( 2017). The effects of goal relevance and perceptual features on emotional items and associative memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1223-1233.
[38]	Mather, M . ( 2007). Emotional arousal and memory binding: An object-based framework. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2( 1), 33-52.
[39]	Mather M., Gorlick M. A., & Nesmith K . ( 2009). The limits of arousal's memory-impairing effects on nearby information. American Journal of Psychology, 122( 3), 349-369.
[40]	Mcgillivray S., & Castel, A. D. ( 2010). Memory for age-face associations in younger and older adults: The role of generation and schematic support. Psychology & Aging, 25( 4), 822-832.
[41]	Mitchell K. J., Johnson M. K., Raye C. L., Mather M., & D'Esposito M . ( 2000). Aging and reflective processes of working memory: Binding and test load deficits. Psychology & Aging, 15( 3), 527-541.
[42]	Mohanty P. P., Naveh-Benjamin M., & Ratneshwar S . ( 2016). Beneficial effects of semantic memory support on older adults’ episodic memory: Differential patterns of support of item and associative information. Psychology & Aging, 31( 1), 25-36.
[43]	Murray B. D., & Kensinger, E. A. ( 2013). Age-related changes in associative memory for emotional and nonemotional integrative representations. Psychology & Aging, 28( 4), 969-983.
[44]	Nashiro K., & Mather M. ( 2011 a). How arousal affects younger and older adults’ memory binding. Experimental Aging Research, 37( 1), 108-128.
[45]	Nashiro K., & Mather M. ( 2011 b). Effects of emotional arousal on memory binding in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychology, 124( 3), 301-312.
[46]	Naveh-Benjamin M . ( 2000). Adult age differences in memory performance: Tests of an associative deficit hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory & Cognition, 26( 5), 1170-1187.
[47]	Naveh-Benjamin M., Brav T. K., & Levy O . ( 2007). The associative memory deficit of older adults: The role of strategy utilization. Psychology & Aging, 22( 1), 202-208.
[48]	Naveh-Benjamin M., Hussain Z., Guez J., & Bar-on M . ( 2003). Adult age differences in episodic memory: Further support for an associative-deficit hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory & Cognition, 29( 5), 826-837.
[49]	Naveh-Benjamin M., & Kilb A. ( 2014). Age-related differences in associative memory: The role of sensory decline. Psychology & Aging, 29( 3), 672-683.
[50]	Naveh-Benjamin M., Shing Y. L., Kilb A., Werkle-Bergner M., Lindenberger U., & Li S. C . ( 2009). Adult age differences in memory for name-face associations: The effects of intentional and incidental learning. Memory, 17( 2), 220-232.
[51]	Naveh-Benjamin M., & Smyth, A. C. ( 2016). DRYAD and ADH: Further comments on explaining age-related differences in memory. Psychology and Aging, 31( 1), 21-24.
[52]	Okada G., Okamoto Y., Kunisato Y., Aoyama S., Nishiyama Y., Yoshimura S., … Yamawaki S . ( 2011). The effect of negative and positive emotionality on associative memory: An fMRI study. PLoS ONE, 6( 9), e24862.
[53]	Old S. R., & Naveh-Benjamin M. ( 2008). Differential effects of age on item and associative measures of memory: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 23( 1), 104-118.
[54]	Perlmutter M., Metzger R., Nezworski T., & Miller K . ( 1981). Spatial and temporal memory in 20 to 60 year olds. Journal of Gerontology, 36( 1), 59-65.
[55]	Peterson D. J., & Naveh-Benjamin M. ( 2016). The role of aging in intra-item and item-context binding processes in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory & Cognition, 42( 11), 1713-1730.
[56]	Peterson D. J., Schmidt N. E., & Naveh-Benjamin M . ( 2017). The role of schematic support in age-related associative deficits in short-term and long-term memory. Journal of Memory & Language, 92, 79-97.
[57]	Pezdek, K. ( 1983). Memory for items and their spatial locations by young and elderly adults. Developmental Psychology, 19( 6), 895-900.
[58]	Pierce B. H., & Kensinger, E. A. ( 2011). Effects of emotion on associative recognition: Valence and retention interval matter. Emotion, 11( 1), 139-44.
[59]	Rahhal T. A., May C. P., & Hasher L . ( 2002). Truth and character: Sources that older adults can remember. Psychological Science, 13( 2), 101-105.
[60]	Ratcliff R., & Mckoon G. ( 2015). Aging effects in item and associative recognition memory for pictures and words. Psychology & Aging, 30( 3), 669-674.
[61]	Schiller D., Monfils M. H., Raio C. M., Johnson D. C., Ledoux J. E., & Phelps E. A . ( 2010). Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. Nature, 463( 7277), 49-53.
[62]	Schmidt K., Patnaik P., & Kensinger E. A . ( 2011). Emotion’s influence on memory for spatial and temporal context. Cognition & Emotion, 25( 2), 229-243.
[63]	Shimamura A. P., Berry J. M., Mangels J. A., Rusting C. L., & Jurica P. J . ( 1995). Memory and cognitive abilities in university professors: Evidence for successful aging. Psychological Science, 6( 5), 271-277.
[64]	Siegel A. L. M., & Castel, A. D. ( 2018). Memory for important item-location associations in younger and older adults. Psychology & Aging, 33( 1), 30-45.
[65]	Smyth A. C., & Naveh-Benjamin M. ( 2015). Can DRYAD explain age-related associative memory deficits? Psychology & Aging, 31( 1), 1-13.
[66]	Spaniol J., Schain C., & Bowen H. J . ( 2014). Reward- enhanced memory in younger and older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series: B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69( 5), 730-740.
[67]	Spencer W. D., & Raz N. ( 1995). Differential effects of aging on memory for content and context: A meta-analysis. Psychology & Aging, 10( 4), 527-539.
[68]	Stern, Y. ( 2002). What is cognitive reserve? theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8( 3), 448-460.
[69]	Yaffe K., Fiocco A. J., Lindquist K., Vittinghoff E., Simonsick E. M., Newman A. B ., et al. ( 2009). Predictors of maintaining cognitive function in older adults: The health ABC study. Neurology, 72( 23), 2029-2035.
[70]	Yeung N. C. J., & Von, H. C. ( 2008). Stereotype threat increases the likelihood that female drivers in a simulator run over jaywalkers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40( 2), 667-674.
[71]	Zacks R. T., Hasher L., & Li, K. Z. H . ( 2000). Human memory. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition ( pp. 293-357). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.