ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 959-966.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.00959

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

空间认知风格及其与空间能力的关系

左婷婷;胡清芬   

  1. (北京师范大学发展心理研究所, 北京 100875)
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-18 出版日期:2015-06-25 发布日期:2015-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 胡清芬, E-mail: qingfenhu@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地自设项目。

Spatial Cognitive Style and Its Relationship with Spatial Abilities

ZUO Tingting; HU Qingfen   

  1. (Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
  • Received:2014-10-18 Online:2015-06-25 Published:2015-06-25
  • Contact: HU Qingfen, E-mail: qingfenhu@bnu.edu.cn

摘要:

人们完成各种空间任务时都表现出了显著的个体差异, 空间认知风格可以帮助解释这种差异。空间认知风格分为三种类型:界标型——只能表征显著的视觉特征, 不能表征相关空间信息, 空间能力最低; 路线型——可以表征显著的视觉特征和继时性的空间信息; 整体型——能够表征显著的视觉特征、继时性和同时性的空间信息, 空间能力最高, 且男性和低焦虑感水平的个体更多的属于该类型。根据空间认知风格, 更有针对性地指导学习者, 将有助于提高人们的空间能力。

关键词: 空间认知风格, 空间行为表现, 个体差异

Abstract:

Clear individual difference is found on performance in various spatial tasks, which can be explained by difference on Spatial Cognitive Style. The Spatial Cognitive Style includes three types: the Landmark Style, the Route Style, and the Survey Style. People with the Landmark Style can only represent perceptually salient visual features of objects, but they cannot represent the relevant spatial information of the objects. People with the Route Style can represent not only perceptually salient visual features of the objects, but also the relevant sequential spatial information of the objects. People with the Survey Style can represent perceptually salient visual features and the sequential spatial information of the objects. Besides, they can also represent the relevant simultaneous spatial information of the objects. People with the Survey Style show the best spatial abilities, whereas people with the Landmark Style show the worst. Males and people with low levels of anxiety show more the Survey Style comparing with females and people with high anxiety respectively. Thus, it will help to improve people’s spatial abilities if learners can be instructed considering their Spatial Cognitive Styles.

Key words: spatial cognitive style, spatial performance, individual difference