状态焦虑对回溯式时距判断的影响：认知评价和记忆偏向有调节的中介作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.01455

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨状态焦虑对回溯式时距判断的影响, 并检测记忆偏向与认知评价在其中的中介和调节作用。实验1招募大学生60人, 随机分为高、低状态焦虑组, 采用情绪诱导程序诱导高、低状态焦虑; 采用口头估计任务测量回溯式时距判断, 考察高、低状态焦虑诱导后的回溯式时距判断差异。实验2在实验1的基础上, 招募大学生60人, 增加自由回忆任务测量记忆偏向, 考察状态焦虑对回溯式时距判断的影响中记忆偏向的中介作用。实验3在实验1和实验2的基础上, 招募大学生90人, 增加视觉模拟心境量表测量认知评价, 考察状态焦虑对回溯式时距判断的影响, 并检测认知评价与记忆偏向在其中的作用。结果发现：(1)在回溯式时距判断中, 高状态焦虑比低状态焦虑更高估时距; (2)在状态焦虑对回溯式时距判断的影响中, 记忆偏向具有中介作用; (3)在状态焦虑对回溯式时距判断的影响中, 认知评价和记忆偏向存在有调节的中介作用：只有当认知评价得分较低时, 即对于认为焦虑对身体健康有害程度较低的个体而言, 在状态焦虑影响回溯式时距判断中, 记忆偏向具有完全中介作用, 即状态焦虑只通过记忆偏向影响回溯式时距判断。研究结果揭示了焦虑个体回溯式时距判断的内部过程, 验证了注意闸门模型中有关用于计时的记忆资源越多对于时距越高估的假设, 丰富了焦虑通过记忆偏向影响回溯式时距判断的解释视角, 为通过调整认知评价改善焦虑个体时距偏差提供了重要参考。

关键词: 状态焦虑, 回溯式时距判断, 记忆偏向, 认知评价

Abstract:

People are influenced by their emotional state and confused by environmental stimuli in anxiety, which leads to the deviation of time duration judgment. In this article, three experiments were conducted to explore the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment, and the moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias.

Experiment 1 investigated the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Sixty college students participated and were randomly assigned to a high state anxiety group (n= 30, completed a procedure of anxious state induction) and a low state anxiety group (n= 30, completed a procedure of calm state induction). Then, the verbal estimation task was used to measure the retrospective time duration judgment. Experiment 2 investigated the mediating role of memory bias in the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment through measuring memory by the free recall task. Experiment 3 investigated the moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias through measuring cognitive appraisal by the visual analogue mood scales.

The results showed that (1) State anxiety had an effect on retrospective time duration judgment, namely, the high state anxiety individuals overestimate the duration than the low state anxiety individuals. (2) Memory bias played a mediating role in the relationship between state anxiety and retrospective time duration judgment. (3) Cognitive appraisal moderated the mediation effect of memory bias on the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Specifically, when the score of cognitive appraisal was low, memory bias played a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment, while when the score of cognitive appraisal was high, memory bias did not play a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment.

Therefore, the effect of state anxiety on college students’ retrospective time duration judgment was a moderated mediating effect. The results reveal the internal process of the retrospective time duration judgment of anxious individuals, which can verify the attention gate model and enrich the explanatory perspective of anxiety influencing the retrospective time duration judgment through memory bias, and provide an important reference for improving the time deviation of anxious individuals through the adjustment of cognitive appraisal.

Key words: state anxiety, retrospective time duration judgment, memory bias, cognitive appraisal

中图分类号:

B842

刘静远, 李虹. (2022). 状态焦虑对回溯式时距判断的影响：认知评价和记忆偏向有调节的中介作用. 心理学报, 54(12), 1455-1466.

LIU Jingyuan, LI Hong. (2022). How state anxiety influences retrospective time duration judgment: Moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(12), 1455-1466.

图/表 3

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