基于执行意图的自我同情语料库编制及其情绪调节功效检验

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.0480

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究将自我同情与执行意图相结合, 根据大学生日常面临的39种典型消极情境构建基于执行意图的标准化自我同情语料库(实验1), 并检验该语料库对抑郁倾向大学生的情绪调节功效(实验2~3)。结果发现: (1)所开发的117个基于执行意图的自我同情(II-SC)语句可以有效反映3种自我同情目标(自我关怀、共同人性、正念), II-SC语句有效降低了负面情境的情绪影响(唤醒降低、效价升高), 语料库具有良好的内部一致性及重测信度; (2)在认知资源充足时, II-SC语句与传统自我同情(TSC)语句的情绪调节效果相当, 但前者更节省认知资源; (3)在认知资源不足时, 相较于TSC, II-SC的情绪调节效果更好, 并且未以更多认知资源消耗为代价; 两者对情绪相关生理指标(心率、皮肤电)的调控效应无显著差异。这提示II-SC语料库有助于抑郁倾向大学生自动化且高效完成情绪调节过程, 提升自我同情策略的情绪调节功效, 为抑郁倾向大学生应对日常生活中的多样性压力源提供了潜在解决方案。

关键词: 自我同情, 执行意图, 语料库, 情绪调节, 抑郁倾向

Abstract: Emotional situations in real life are highly diverse, yet existing emotion regulation training approaches often lack adaptivity to such diversity. Self-compassion, an emotion regulation strategy characterized by kindness and non-judgmental understanding toward one's own suffering, has demonstrated emotional benefits. However, its effectiveness is constrained by cognitive demands, limiting its applicability among individuals with emotional disorders or cognitive impairments. Implementation intention, specifying how to response in a given situation based on the goal with a typical structure as “if + situation, then + reaction”, can effectively reduce the cognitive demands of self-regulation and enhance its regulatory effect. To improve the emotional regulation efficacy of self-compassion, this study integrated implementation intention with self-compassion to establish a standardized sentence collection (Experiment 1) and evaluated its effectiveness in regulating negative emotions among college students with depressive tendencies (Experiment 2~3).
In Experiment 1, situational and response sentences were prepared following the “if + situation, then + reaction” structure. Forty negative and forty neutral situational sentences were developed, along with 120 implementation intention-based self-compassion (II-SC) statements and 120 implementation intention-based neutral (II-N) statements. A total of 106 participants (age: 20.17±1.90 years; 66 females) evaluated these sentences on dimensions such as emotional valence, arousal, and relevance to self-compassion. By presenting negative situational sentences to induce negative emotions, followed by II-SC statements, a substantial increase in pleasure was observed, supporting the efficacy of II-SC in emotion regulation.
Experiment 2 employed a 2 (measuring time: pre-test vs. post-test) × 3 (group: II-SC vs. TSC vs. Control) mixed factorial design to examine the effect of II-SC on negative emotion regulation. Ninety college students with depressive tendencies (age: 20.07±1.80 years; 82 females) were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (II-SC, TSC or Control group). After baseline assessments of emotional state, participants received either II-SC, TSC (traditional self-compassion) guidance, or no guidance (Control group). Negative emotions were then induced through negative self-evaluation sentences accompanied by sad music, followed by post-test on emotional measures.
Building upon Experiment 2, Experiment 3 incorporated physiological indicators including heart rate and electrodermal activity to more comprehensively and objectively assess emotional responses. Sixty-nine college students with depressive tendencies (age: 20.01±1.38 years; 65 female) participated. In this experiment, negative emotions were elicited through challenging arithmetic tasks to test whether the II-SC sentences produced increased emotion regulation effects compared with TSC under conditions of cognitive resource depletion.
Results indicate that (1) II-SC sentence collection can significantly alleviate negative emotions, and showed a satisfactory reliability and validity. (2) When negative emotions were induced by negative self-evaluation, both II-SC and TSC sentences effectively reduced negative affect, with no significant difference in efficacy; however II-SC required less cognitive effort. (3) When negative emotions were elicited through frustrating tasks that depleted cognitive resources, both II-SC and TSC alleviated negative affect, but the resource dependence of TSC reduced its effectiveness, resulting in better regulatory effects for II-SC. Nevertheless, no significant group differences were found in perceived regulation effort, and neither physiological activation associated with negative emotion induction.
In conclusion, the current study developed a standardized and valid self-compassion sentence collection based on implementation intention, and demonstrated its effectiveness in regulating negative emotions. These II-SC sentences enable individuals with depressive tendencies to engage in automatic and efficient emotion regulation through self-compassion, thereby enhancing its regulatory efficacy and offering a potential approach for coping with the diverse stressors encountered in daily life.

Key words: self-compassion, implementation intention, sentence collection, emotion regulation, depressive tendency

中图分类号:

B842

宋艺, 付晓彤, 袁加锦, 孙萌, 杨洁敏. (2026). 基于执行意图的自我同情语料库编制及其情绪调节功效检验. 心理学报, 58(3), 480-499.

SONG Yi, FU Xiaotong, YUAN Jiajin, SUN Meng, YANG Jiemin. (2026). Buildup of a self-compassion sentence collection in the construct of implementation intention and its application in emotion regulation. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(3), 480-499.

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