刺激相似性对跨通道冲突中感觉主导效应的影响*

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.0571

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

认知加工水平假说认为跨通道冲突中的感觉主导效应存在反应前水平的视觉主导效应以及反应水平的听觉主导效应, 但刺激在不同加工水平中的表征方式如何影响这一效应目前仍不清楚。研究采用2-1映射(2-1 mapping)范式, 将视听通道一致性条件分为一致、反应前不一致和反应不一致三种条件, 考察刺激相似性对反应前水平和反应水平跨通道冲突感觉主导效应的影响。实验1结果发现, 不相似条件在反应前水平的跨通道冲突表现为视觉主导效应、反应水平的跨通道冲突表现为听觉主导效应; 视觉相似条件显著减小了反应前水平的视觉主导效应和反应水平的听觉主导效应; 听觉相似条件显著增大了反应前水平的视觉主导效应。实验2采用经颅电刺激分别对左侧梭状回(实验2a)和左侧顶下小叶(实验2b)进行神经调控, 因果性地验证刺激相似性如何影响跨通道冲突中感觉主导效应。实验2a结果发现, 阳极刺激导致反应前水平的视觉主导效应减小; 实验2b结果发现, 阳极刺激导致反应前水平的视觉主导效应增大。研究表明, 刺激相似性能够影响跨通道冲突中的感觉主导效应, 视觉相似和听觉相似对反应前水平的感觉主导效应起到调控作用, 完善了认知加工假说对跨通道冲突感觉主导效应的解释。

关键词: 跨通道冲突, 感觉主导效应, 刺激相似性, 认知控制

Abstract:

The levels-of-processing framework posits that cross-modal conflicts demonstrate modality-specific dominance patterns, with visual superiority seen at pre-response stages and auditory dominance seen at response stages. However, prior studies have not systematically examined how representational modalities of stimuli during cognitive processing modulate these sensory dominance effects. Given that stimulus similarity influences processing efficiency and conflict magnitude, the present study aimed to examine how stimulus similarity influences sensory dominance effects at both the pre-response and response levels.

Experiment 1 (N = 34) adopted a 2-1 mapping paradigm to categorize audiovisual congruency conditions into congruent, pre-response incongruent, and response incongruent conditions to investigate how stimulus similarity influences sensory dominance effects at both the pre-response and response levels. Experiment 2 utilized transcranial electrical stimulation to neuromodulate the left fusiform gyrus (Experiment 2a: N= 26) and left inferior parietal lobule (Experiment 2b: N= 24), causally verifying how stimulus similarity regulates sensory dominance in cross-modal conflicts. In addition to reaction times, the congruency effect index was used to measure the processing level of cross-modal conflicts, and the sensory dominance effect index was used to quantify differences in conflict across different cognitive processing stages.

Experiment 1 revealed that visual dominance emerged during pre-response cross-modal conflicts, whereas auditory dominance manifested at the response level. In addition, visual similarity significantly reduced both visual dominance at the pre-response level and auditory dominance at the response level, whereas auditory similarity markedly enhanced visual dominance at the pre-response level. More importantly, Experiment 2 revealed that the effect of visual similarity on the sensory dominance effect in the pre-response stage was related to the left fusiform gyrus. Electrical stimulation of the left fusiform gyrus decreased the visual dominance effect at the pre-response level. The effect of increased auditory similarity at the pre-response level was related to the left inferior parietal lobule, and the visual dominance effect at the pre-response level was increased by anodal electrical stimulation of the left inferior parietal lobule.

These findings reveal that stimulus similarity modulates sensory dominance in cross-modal conflicts, with visual and auditory similarity differentially regulating sensory dominance effects at the preresponse level. This study provides novel insights into cross-modal conflict mechanisms across different cognitive processing stages and enhances the understanding of the sensory dominance effect in cross-modal conflicts.

Key words: cross-modal conflict, sensory dominance effect, cognitive control, stimulus similarity

中图分类号:

B842

王爱君, 黄杰, 赵丹娜, 李欣, 张明. (2026). 刺激相似性对跨通道冲突中感觉主导效应的影响^*. 心理学报, 58(4), 571-589.

WANG Aijun, HUANG Jie, ZHAO Danna, LI Xin, ZHANG Ming. (2026). Stimulus similarity modulates sensory dominance effects in cross-modal conflicts. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(4), 571-589.

图/表 11

图1 (a) 不同相似性条件下的刺激材料; (b) 视听一致性条件的示意图, 以视觉相似为例; (c) 2-1 mapping实验流程图。

图2 三种相似性条件下的反应时结果。(a) 不相似组; (b) 视觉相似组; (c) 听觉相似组。注：云雨图的形状代表反应时数据的分布, 每个点代表每个被试的反应时, 箱体代表反应时的四分位距, 箱体内部的线代表反应时的中位数。

图3 不同相似性条件下的一致性效应结果。(a) 不相似组; (b) 视觉相似组; (c) 听觉相似组。

注：***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05, 下同。

图4 不同相似性条件在反应前水平和反应水平的视觉主导效应差异; (a) 视觉相似组与不相似组; (b) 听觉相似组与不相似组。

图5 HD-explore软件模拟的1.5 mA的HD-tDCS刺激左侧梭状回和左侧顶下小叶的电场强度和电流走向图

图6 不同实验条件的反应时结果。(a) 伪刺激; (b) 阳极刺激; (c) 阴极刺激。

图7 三种电极类型所有实验条件的一致性效应结果。(a) 伪刺激; (b) 阳极刺激; (c) 阴极刺激。

图8 不同电极类型在反应前水平和反应水平的感觉主导效应差异。(a) 阳极刺激与伪刺激; (b) 阴极刺激与伪刺激。

图9 三种电刺激类型所有实验条件的反应时结果。(a) 伪刺激; (b) 阳极刺激; (c) 阴极刺激。

图10 三种电极类型所有实验条件的一致性效应结果。(a) 伪刺激; (b) 阳极刺激; (c) 阴极刺激。

图11 不同电极类型在反应前水平和反应水平的感觉主导效应差异。(a) 阳极刺激与伪刺激; (b) 阴极刺激与伪刺激。

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