前额P3幅度调控对情绪调节的促进作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1493

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 前额P3成分是前额认知控制资源卷入的稳定指标。长期以来, 前额P3幅度仅被视为情绪调节等执行控制任务早期阶段前额资源调用程度的神经相关物, 鲜有研究探索主动改变P3幅度对执行控制功能的作用。本研究采用神经反馈(neurofeedback, NF)调节前额P3幅度, 以考察后者对情绪调节的潜在因果作用。67名被试被随机分配至实验组(上调P3, n = 34)或对照组(下调P3, n = 33), 并在NF训练前后完成情绪调节任务。结果与训练前相比, 实验组通过NF训练可成功上调前额P3幅度, 表明其可更有效调用前额P3指征的执行控制功能, 从而在NF训练后的情绪调节中能获得更佳的情绪调节效果——负性情绪自评和反映情绪体验强度的顶区晚正成分(late positive potential, LPP)波幅均显著降低; 对照组则相反：NF训练后情绪调节期间前额P3幅度下降, 情绪调节效果变差。同时结果表明, P3-NF训练主要通过增加认知重评时前额P3幅度以提高情绪调节效果。本研究首次尝试让被试自主调控前额P3以改变情绪调节的效果, 研究发现一方面揭示了前额P3指征的前额叶执行控制功能对情绪调节的因果作用, 另一方面为临床治疗抑郁症等情绪调节障碍患者提供了无创无副作用的情绪调节能力改善的新思路。

关键词: 情绪调节, 神经反馈, 认知重评, 前额P3, 晚正成分

Abstract: The frontal P3 component is a reliable electrophysiological marker of the engagement of prefrontal cognitive control resources. In previous studies, frontal P3 amplitude has typically been regarded as a neural correlate of early-stage resource recruitment during executive control tasks, including emotion regulation. However, this correlational interpretation leaves an important question unresolved: whether actively changing frontal P3 amplitude can causally influence the executive control processes that support emotion regulation. To address this question, the present study used neurofeedback (NF) training to modulate frontal P3 amplitude and examined its potential causal role in emotion regulation.
Sixty-seven participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which was trained to upregulate frontal P3 amplitude (n = 34), or a control group, which was trained to downregulate frontal P3 amplitude (n = 33). All participants completed an emotion regulation task before and after NF training. During the task, participants were instructed to use cognitive reappraisal to reinterpret negative emotional stimuli and reduce their emotional impact. Emotion regulation effectiveness was assessed using both subjective ratings of negative emotion and the parietal late positive potential (LPP), an electrophysiological index of emotional experience intensity.
Compared with the pre-training baseline, participants in the experimental group successfully increased frontal P3 amplitude through NF training. This training effect indicated that they were able to more effectively recruit the executive control function indexed by frontal P3. Critically, after NF training, the experimental group showed improved emotion regulation effectiveness, as reflected by significant reductions in both self-reported negative emotion and parietal LPP amplitude during emotion regulation. In contrast, the control group showed the opposite pattern. After training, frontal P3 amplitude during emotion regulation decreased, and emotion regulation effectiveness was reduced, suggesting that weakening the neural activity indexed by frontal P3 impaired the regulatory process.
Further analyses indicated that the beneficial effect of P3-NF training on emotion regulation was primarily achieved by increasing frontal P3 amplitude during cognitive reappraisal itself. This finding suggests that frontal P3 is not merely a passive neural marker of prefrontal resource engagement, but may reflect an executive control process that directly contributes to successful emotion regulation. Unlike previous correlational neuroimaging studies, we utilized ERP-NF neuromodulation technology to causally demonstrate that the prefrontal cognitive control resources indexed by frontal P3 constitute the causal neural foundation for the early stages of emotion regulation. These findings provide novel insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying emotion regulation and offer a new approach for precise, non-invasive brain modulation to treat prefrontal executive control deficits in clinical populations.

Key words: emotion regulation, neurofeedback, cognitive reappraisal, frontal P3, late positive potential

李宜伟, 汤煜尧, 王庭栋, 张丹丹. (2026). 前额P3幅度调控对情绪调节的促进作用. 心理学报, 58(8), 1493-1505.

LI Yiwei, TANG Yuyao, WANG Tingdong, ZhANG Dandan. (2026). The facilitating effect of frontal P3 amplitude regulation on emotion regulation. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(8), 1493-1505.

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