群体认同对群际敏感效应及其行为表现的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00993

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过实验研究了群际互动中个体对不同来源身份的消极群体评价的情绪反应及群体认同的调节作用, 并从情绪-行为反应的连续性视角探索群际敏感效应的行为表现及内在机制。结果发现:(1)相比内群体的消极群体评价, 外群体的消极群体评价更能引起消极情绪反应; (2)群体认同对群际敏感效应起调节作用, 高群体认同者对来自外群体消极评价的情绪反应更加负面, 而低群体认同者这种趋势并不明显; (3)高群体认同者在经历外群体的消极群体评价后会表现出更多的内群体积极行为, 且消极情绪反应对此起中介作用。研究扩展了群际敏感效应的适用范围, 并为探讨其内部机制和后续影响提供了新的研究思路。

关键词: 群际互动, 群体身份, 群际敏感效应, 群体认同, 内群体积极行为

Abstract:

The intergroup sensitivity effect (ISE) shows that people have more pronounced negative emotional responses and are less likely to respond with acceptance to criticism from outgroup members than to criticism from ingroup members. Although ISE has been confirmed in a variety of group contexts (e.g., country, religion, and gender), many issues still remain to be resolved. For instance, it is still unknown how social interaction may affect the strength of ISE and what its aftereffects may be. Therefore, the first aim of the current study was to assess the applicability of ISE in an inter-group interaction context and examine the effect of intra-individual group identification on ISE. The second aim of the current study was to explore the behavioral aftereffects of ISE and its emotional-behavioral mechanism.

Experiment 1a (N = 93) repeated the test of ISE in Chinese participants who identified with a specific college group. Experiment 1b (N = 114) examined the influence of negative group evaluations from different sources (an ingroup critic versus an outgroup critic) on emotion in the context of inter-group interaction with the minimal group. In experiment 2 (N = 137) we explored the influence of negative group evaluations from different sources (an ingroup critic versus an outgroup critic) on emotion by instructing participants to read their school's negative evaluations on college BBS, and we also assessed their group identification. Experiment 3 (N = 138) further tested group-donation behavior as an indicator of positive intragroup behavior to examine the influence of group identification and sources of negative group evaluations (an ingroup critic versus an outgroup critic) on behavioral consequences, while the negative emotions may act as important intermediates in the relationship between the interaction and positive intragroup behavior.

The results showed the following: a) We replicated and extended the basic view of ISE and found negative evaluations from outgroup members can cause more intense negative emotional responses than similar evaluations from ingroup members, even within an inter-group interaction context. b) Group identification was found to play a moderate role in ISE: for high-group identification individuals, negative evaluation from outgroup members caused stronger negative emotional responses than from ingroup members, while for those low-group identification individuals, this effect was not significant. c) Group identification performed a mediated moderating role on the influence of different sources of negative group evaluations on negative emotion response and positive intragroup behavior: under high-group-identification condition, sources of negative group evaluations had an indirect positive effect on positive intragroup behavior via emotional responses, whereas under low-group-identification condition, emotional responses did not mediate the relationship between sources of evaluation and positive intragroup behavior.

In conclusion, the current work is the first study to explore the intergroup sensitivity effect in China. We examined the influence of negative group evaluation on individual emotion and behavior and its mechanism from the perspective of group identification. This study provides a new theoretical basis and empirical support for the individual's psychological and behavioral response in the inter-group interaction context, and has important implications for future inter-group relationship research. Future research should further explore the dynamic relationship for the change of inter-group attitude and behavior caused by negative group evaluation and the influence of interactions of situational factors and intra-individual factors on intergroup sensitivity effect.

Key words: group interaction context, group identity, intergroup sensitivity effect (ISE), group identification, positive intragroup behavior

中图分类号:

B849:C91

宋仕婕, 佐斌, 温芳芳, 谭潇. (2020). 群体认同对群际敏感效应及其行为表现的影响. 心理学报, 52(8), 993-1003.

SONG Shijie, ZUO Bin, WEN Fangang, TAN Xiao. (2020). The intergroup sensitivity effect and its behavioral consequences: The influence of group identification. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(8), 993-1003.

图/表 6

图1 消极情绪的中介作用及群体认同的调节作用假设模型图

图2 不同来源身份和群体认同条件下的消极情绪反应注:*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

图3 不同来源身份和群体认同条件下的消极情绪反应注:*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

图4 不同来源身份和认同条件下的内群体积极行为注:*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

表1 消极评价来源身份对内群体积极行为的有中介的调节效应检验

变量	方程1			方程2			方程3
	(因变量:内群体积极行为)			(因变量:消极情绪)			(因变量:内群体积极行为)
	β	SE	t	β	SE	t	β	SE	t
来源身份	0.44^**	0.06	6.88	0.35^**	0.06	5.64	0.21^**	0.06	3.81
群体认同	0.39^**	0.06	6.20	0.51^**	0.06	8.28	0.06	0.06	0.96
来源身份×群体认同	0.29^**	0.06	4.33	0.28^**	0.06	4.62	0.10	0.05	1.77
情绪反应							0.66^**	0.07	9.58
R²	0.45			0.48			0.67
F	36.38^**			41.98^**			68.77^**

图5 消极评价来源身份对内群体积极行为的有中介的调节路径图注:*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, 实线表示路径显著

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