Reward-anticipation and outcome-evaluation ERPs and its application in psychiatric disorders

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2023.00783

Abstract

Abstract:

Reward processing abnormalities are prominent in the clinical presentation of patients with major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Reward processing comprises a dynamic set of cognitive component processes that may occur temporally adjacent to each other. Event-related potentials (ERPs), as one of the most commonly used tools to assess cognitive processing with a high temporal resolution, is a useful method to investigate complex, multifaceted constructs composed of the substages of reward processing. However, ERP research in psychiatric conditions has typically focused on a single component of reward processing rather than capturing the dynamics of reward processing. Reward processing can be decomposed into two temporally distinct stages: reward-anticipation and outcome-evaluation, each of which is associated with different ERP components (i.e., reward-anticipation: cue-related N2 and P3, stimulus-preceding negativity or SPN and contingent-negative variation or CNV; outcome-evaluation: feedback-related negativity or FRN/reward positive or RewP, feedback-related P3 or FB-P3 and the late positive potential or FB-LPP), and abnormal activities of these ERPs are closely related to transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms. Attenuated cue-related N2 (associated with conflict detection) and cue-related P3 (associated with attention allocation) during reward-anticipation stage and blunted FRN/RewP (an initial reactivity to receipt of feedback) and FB-LPP (a sustained processing of motivationally salient stimuli) during outcome-evaluation stage could be found in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls, suggesting a reduced reward sensitivity in patients with depression. For CNV (associated with motor preparation), SPN (associated with anticipation feedback), and FB-P3 (associated with the evaluation of feedback), no consistent findings emerge in previous depression studies. Patients with schizophrenia exhibit abnormal activities of cue-related N2, cue-related P3 and SPN during reward-anticipation stage, and evidences of abnormal ERPs activities are inconclusive during outcome-evaluation stage. Currently few studies have investigated the reward-related ERP components in patients with bipolar disorder. Preliminary findings suggest that patients with bipolar disorder might have enhanced FRN activities during different stages of disease development. Further research should carefully consider some factors which might have an influence on the results, such as small samples, different experimental paradigms and data analysis methods, and the disease state of patients. In conclusion, utilizing multistage experimental designs and implementing multicomponent analyses hold great promise to investigate neurophysiological abnormalities during different stages of reward processing in psychiatric disorders.

Key words: reward, ERP, anticipation, depression

CLC Number:

B845

LIU Wenhua, WEN Xiujuan, CHEN Ling, YANG Rui, HU Yiru. Reward-anticipation and outcome-evaluation ERPs and its application in psychiatric disorders[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2023, 31(5): 783-799.

Figures/Tables 3

References 81

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抑郁症研究	样本	脑电测量成分	实验任务	结论
Wang, He et al., 2021	抑郁症患者56人其中实验组32人, 安慰组24人	Cue-P3 Cue-N2	金钱激励延迟任务	相比治疗前, 抑郁症患者实验组在治疗后表现出更大的Cue-N2和Cue-P3波幅。
Song et al., 2020	抑郁症患者44人, 健康对照28人	Cue-P3 FB-P3	金钱激励延迟任务	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者的Cue-P3活动更弱。抑郁症患者中有自杀风险个体和无自杀风险个体的FB-P3波存在差异。
Song et al., 2019	抑郁症患者32人, 健康对照24人	FB-P3 Cue-P3	情绪激励延迟任务	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者的Cue-P3和FB-P3波幅减小。
Landes et al., 2018	青少年抑郁症患者25人, 健康对照42人	FB-P3 Cue-P3	金钱激励延迟任务	相比健康对照组, 青少年抑郁症患者的Cue-P3潜伏期延长, FB-P3波延迟。
Luking et al., 2021	有较高抑郁症状青少年100人	FB-P3 Cue-P3	猜牌任务	有较高抑郁症状青少年的Cue-P3和FB-P3波幅减小。
Hansenne & Ansseau, 2001	抑郁症患者52人, 健康对照76人	CNV	“S1-S2”范式	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者表现出较小的CNV波幅。
Köhler et al., 2011	老年抑郁症患者66人, 老年健康对照36人	CNV	“S1-S2”范式	相比老年健康对照组, 老年抑郁症患者的CNV波活动表现增强。
Zhang et al., 2020	抑郁症患者40人, 健康对照40人	CNV	金钱激励延迟任务社会激励延迟任务	与健康对照组相比, 在社会激励延迟任务中, 抑郁症患者在较大的奖励中表现出更小的CNV波活动。
Ait Oumeziane et al., 2019	有较高抑郁症状33人, 有较低抑郁症状69人	SPN	金钱激励延迟任务社会激励延迟任务	相比金钱奖励, 有较高抑郁症状被试对不确定结果的社会奖励表现出减小的SPN波幅。
Umemoto & Holroyd, 2017	大学生68人	SPN RewP	概率性强化学习任务	相比抑郁得分低的被试, 抑郁得分高的被试表现出较大的SPN波和较小的RewP波。
Brush et al., 2018	抑郁症患者52人, 健康对照48人	RewP	门猜测任务	相比健康控制组, 抑郁症患者的RewP波显著减小。
Foti et al., 2014	抑郁症患者34人, 健康对照42人	FRN	门猜测任务	相比健康对照组, 忧郁亚型的抑郁症患者表现出减弱的FRN活动。
Liu et al., 2014	抑郁症患者27人, 健康对照27人	FRN	门猜测任务	与健康对照组相比, 抑郁症患者的FRN反应减小。
Bress et al., 2013	青春期女生68人	FRN	门猜测任务	减弱的FRN基线活动可预测之后的抑郁症发病情况。
Bress et al., 2015	儿童71人	FRN	门猜测任务	有抑郁症状的被试首测和再测时均表现出FRN活动减弱。
Kujawa et al., 2014	儿童407人	FRN	奖励任务	母亲的抑郁症状越严重, 儿童的FRN活动减弱程度越高。
Weinberg & Shankman, 2017	忧郁亚型抑郁症缓解期患者29人, 非忧郁亚型抑郁症缓解期患者56人, 健康对照86人	RewP FRN	门猜测任务	忧郁亚型的抑郁症缓解期患者对正性刺激有着更弱的FRN/RewP活动。
Klawohn et al., 2021	抑郁症患者83人, 健康对照45人	FB-LPP RewP	门猜测任务图片观看任务	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者表现出减小的RewP活动以及对愉悦图片的LPP反应降低。
Barch et al., 2020	干预组60人, 对照组58人	RewP FB-LPP	门猜测任务图片观看任务	干预组儿童对奖励反应的RewP活动增加, 但RewP波在治疗前后并无显著差异。对正性图片有更高FB-LPP基线水平的儿童, 干预后其抑郁症状明显减少。
Berry et al., 2019	大学生45人	FRN RewP	门猜测任务	抑郁症状越严重, 被试的RewP和FRN反应越大。
Grunewald et al., 2019	抑郁症患者36人, 健康对照26人	FB-LPP	情绪Go/NoGo任务	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者的LPP波幅减弱。
Webb et al., 2017	青少年女性抑郁症患者26人, 健康对照25人	FRN FB-LPP	内隐条件任务	与健康青少年相比, 青少年抑郁症患者表现出更强的FRN反应以及减弱的LPP反应。
Kujawa et al., 2016	儿童323人	FB-LPP	情绪中断任务	对不愉快刺激有更大的LPP反应的儿童, 在高水平压力下易出现精神症状。
Nelson et al., 2015	青少年女生550人	FB-LPP	图片观看任务	父母有抑郁史的儿童, 对情绪刺激表现出较弱的LPP反应。
Weinberg et al., 2016	单相焦虑患者51人、单相抑郁症患者24人, 同时伴有焦虑和抑郁的患者有70人, 健康对照32人	FB-LPP	图片观看任务	相比健康对照组, 单相抑郁症患者在奖励条件下的FB-LPP活动减小。
Levinson et al., 2019	青少年143人	FB-LPP	情绪中断任务	当生活压力越大时, 青少年的FB-LPP活动越弱, 抑郁症状越严重。
Sandre et al., 2019	大学生160人	FB-LPP	图片观看任务	伴有抑郁症状的大学生对正性图片表现出减弱的LPP活动, 其减弱的LPP活动能够预测6周后更严重的抑郁症状。

抑郁症研究	样本	脑电测量成分	实验任务	结论
Wang, He et al., 2021	抑郁症患者56人其中实验组32人, 安慰组24人	Cue-P3 Cue-N2	金钱激励延迟任务	相比治疗前, 抑郁症患者实验组在治疗后表现出更大的Cue-N2和Cue-P3波幅。
Song et al., 2020	抑郁症患者44人, 健康对照28人	Cue-P3 FB-P3	金钱激励延迟任务	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者的Cue-P3活动更弱。抑郁症患者中有自杀风险个体和无自杀风险个体的FB-P3波存在差异。
Song et al., 2019	抑郁症患者32人, 健康对照24人	FB-P3 Cue-P3	情绪激励延迟任务	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者的Cue-P3和FB-P3波幅减小。
Landes et al., 2018	青少年抑郁症患者25人, 健康对照42人	FB-P3 Cue-P3	金钱激励延迟任务	相比健康对照组, 青少年抑郁症患者的Cue-P3潜伏期延长, FB-P3波延迟。
Luking et al., 2021	有较高抑郁症状青少年100人	FB-P3 Cue-P3	猜牌任务	有较高抑郁症状青少年的Cue-P3和FB-P3波幅减小。
Hansenne & Ansseau, 2001	抑郁症患者52人, 健康对照76人	CNV	“S1-S2”范式	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者表现出较小的CNV波幅。
Köhler et al., 2011	老年抑郁症患者66人, 老年健康对照36人	CNV	“S1-S2”范式	相比老年健康对照组, 老年抑郁症患者的CNV波活动表现增强。
Zhang et al., 2020	抑郁症患者40人, 健康对照40人	CNV	金钱激励延迟任务社会激励延迟任务	与健康对照组相比, 在社会激励延迟任务中, 抑郁症患者在较大的奖励中表现出更小的CNV波活动。
Ait Oumeziane et al., 2019	有较高抑郁症状33人, 有较低抑郁症状69人	SPN	金钱激励延迟任务社会激励延迟任务	相比金钱奖励, 有较高抑郁症状被试对不确定结果的社会奖励表现出减小的SPN波幅。
Umemoto & Holroyd, 2017	大学生68人	SPN RewP	概率性强化学习任务	相比抑郁得分低的被试, 抑郁得分高的被试表现出较大的SPN波和较小的RewP波。
Brush et al., 2018	抑郁症患者52人, 健康对照48人	RewP	门猜测任务	相比健康控制组, 抑郁症患者的RewP波显著减小。
Foti et al., 2014	抑郁症患者34人, 健康对照42人	FRN	门猜测任务	相比健康对照组, 忧郁亚型的抑郁症患者表现出减弱的FRN活动。
Liu et al., 2014	抑郁症患者27人, 健康对照27人	FRN	门猜测任务	与健康对照组相比, 抑郁症患者的FRN反应减小。
Bress et al., 2013	青春期女生68人	FRN	门猜测任务	减弱的FRN基线活动可预测之后的抑郁症发病情况。
Bress et al., 2015	儿童71人	FRN	门猜测任务	有抑郁症状的被试首测和再测时均表现出FRN活动减弱。
Kujawa et al., 2014	儿童407人	FRN	奖励任务	母亲的抑郁症状越严重, 儿童的FRN活动减弱程度越高。
Weinberg & Shankman, 2017	忧郁亚型抑郁症缓解期患者29人, 非忧郁亚型抑郁症缓解期患者56人, 健康对照86人	RewP FRN	门猜测任务	忧郁亚型的抑郁症缓解期患者对正性刺激有着更弱的FRN/RewP活动。
Klawohn et al., 2021	抑郁症患者83人, 健康对照45人	FB-LPP RewP	门猜测任务图片观看任务	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者表现出减小的RewP活动以及对愉悦图片的LPP反应降低。
Barch et al., 2020	干预组60人, 对照组58人	RewP FB-LPP	门猜测任务图片观看任务	干预组儿童对奖励反应的RewP活动增加, 但RewP波在治疗前后并无显著差异。对正性图片有更高FB-LPP基线水平的儿童, 干预后其抑郁症状明显减少。
Berry et al., 2019	大学生45人	FRN RewP	门猜测任务	抑郁症状越严重, 被试的RewP和FRN反应越大。
Grunewald et al., 2019	抑郁症患者36人, 健康对照26人	FB-LPP	情绪Go/NoGo任务	相比健康对照组, 抑郁症患者的LPP波幅减弱。
Webb et al., 2017	青少年女性抑郁症患者26人, 健康对照25人	FRN FB-LPP	内隐条件任务	与健康青少年相比, 青少年抑郁症患者表现出更强的FRN反应以及减弱的LPP反应。
Kujawa et al., 2016	儿童323人	FB-LPP	情绪中断任务	对不愉快刺激有更大的LPP反应的儿童, 在高水平压力下易出现精神症状。
Nelson et al., 2015	青少年女生550人	FB-LPP	图片观看任务	父母有抑郁史的儿童, 对情绪刺激表现出较弱的LPP反应。
Weinberg et al., 2016	单相焦虑患者51人、单相抑郁症患者24人, 同时伴有焦虑和抑郁的患者有70人, 健康对照32人	FB-LPP	图片观看任务	相比健康对照组, 单相抑郁症患者在奖励条件下的FB-LPP活动减小。
Levinson et al., 2019	青少年143人	FB-LPP	情绪中断任务	当生活压力越大时, 青少年的FB-LPP活动越弱, 抑郁症状越严重。
Sandre et al., 2019	大学生160人	FB-LPP	图片观看任务	伴有抑郁症状的大学生对正性图片表现出减弱的LPP活动, 其减弱的LPP活动能够预测6周后更严重的抑郁症状。

精神分裂症研究	样本	脑电测量成分	实验任务	结论
Vignapiano et al., 2016	精神分裂症患者38人, 健康对照25人	Cue-P3	金钱激励延迟任务	精神分裂症患者的P3早期波幅在不同奖励下并无明显差异, P3晚期波幅在损失越大的情况下也越大。
Vignapiano et al., 2018	精神分裂症患者38人, 健康对照25人	Cue-N2	金钱激励延迟任务	精神分裂症患者表现异常的N2波活动。
Catalano, 2018	精神分裂症患者26人, 健康对照23人	RewP	金钱激励延迟任务社会激励延迟任务	精神分裂症患者和健康对照组的RewP波没有显著差异。
Clayson et al., 2019	精神分裂症患者92人, 健康对照74人	Cue-P3 SPN FB-P3 RewP	线索奖励任务	精神分裂症患者与健康对照组的Cue-P3活动没有显著差异, 但SPN, FB-P3, RewP表现出较弱的活动。
Abram et al., 2020	精神分裂症患者54人, 健康对照54人	FB-LPP SPN RewP	老虎机任务	精神分裂症患者与健康对照组的SPN或RewP波幅无显著差异, 但在FB-LPP活动上存在差异。
Bedwell et al., 2016	精神分裂症患者16人, 双相情感障碍患者10人, 其他情绪障碍患者5人, 健康对照13人	FB-LPP	巴甫洛夫式金钱奖励预测任务	在奖励性刺激条件下, 精神分裂症患者阴性症状的严重程度与减弱的FB-LPP波活动相关; 在厌恶性刺激条件下, 患者紊乱性症状的严重程度与更大的FRN波活动有关。
Horan et al., 2012	精神分裂症患者35人, 健康对照33人	FRN	FN赌博任务	精神分裂症患者与健康对照组的FRN波活动没有显著性差异。
Llerena et al., 2016	精神分裂症患者92人, 健康对照63人	ERN FRN	侧抑制任务时间估计任务	相比健康对照组, 精神分裂症患者的ERN活动减少, FRN活动无显著差别。
Horat et al., 2018	精神分裂症患者16人, 健康对照19人	FRN	最后通牒实验	相比健康对照组, 精神分裂症患者在提议条件下, P2和FRN波的波幅无差异。在响应条件下, FRN的波幅有显著差异。
Toyomaki et al., 2017	精神分裂症患者11人, 健康对照11人	FB-LPP	赌博任务	相比健康对照组, 精神分裂症患者在自我决定条件下的FB-LPP活动显著降低。

精神分裂症研究	样本	脑电测量成分	实验任务	结论
Vignapiano et al., 2016	精神分裂症患者38人, 健康对照25人	Cue-P3	金钱激励延迟任务	精神分裂症患者的P3早期波幅在不同奖励下并无明显差异, P3晚期波幅在损失越大的情况下也越大。
Vignapiano et al., 2018	精神分裂症患者38人, 健康对照25人	Cue-N2	金钱激励延迟任务	精神分裂症患者表现异常的N2波活动。
Catalano, 2018	精神分裂症患者26人, 健康对照23人	RewP	金钱激励延迟任务社会激励延迟任务	精神分裂症患者和健康对照组的RewP波没有显著差异。
Clayson et al., 2019	精神分裂症患者92人, 健康对照74人	Cue-P3 SPN FB-P3 RewP	线索奖励任务	精神分裂症患者与健康对照组的Cue-P3活动没有显著差异, 但SPN, FB-P3, RewP表现出较弱的活动。
Abram et al., 2020	精神分裂症患者54人, 健康对照54人	FB-LPP SPN RewP	老虎机任务	精神分裂症患者与健康对照组的SPN或RewP波幅无显著差异, 但在FB-LPP活动上存在差异。
Bedwell et al., 2016	精神分裂症患者16人, 双相情感障碍患者10人, 其他情绪障碍患者5人, 健康对照13人	FB-LPP	巴甫洛夫式金钱奖励预测任务	在奖励性刺激条件下, 精神分裂症患者阴性症状的严重程度与减弱的FB-LPP波活动相关; 在厌恶性刺激条件下, 患者紊乱性症状的严重程度与更大的FRN波活动有关。
Horan et al., 2012	精神分裂症患者35人, 健康对照33人	FRN	FN赌博任务	精神分裂症患者与健康对照组的FRN波活动没有显著性差异。
Llerena et al., 2016	精神分裂症患者92人, 健康对照63人	ERN FRN	侧抑制任务时间估计任务	相比健康对照组, 精神分裂症患者的ERN活动减少, FRN活动无显著差别。
Horat et al., 2018	精神分裂症患者16人, 健康对照19人	FRN	最后通牒实验	相比健康对照组, 精神分裂症患者在提议条件下, P2和FRN波的波幅无差异。在响应条件下, FRN的波幅有显著差异。
Toyomaki et al., 2017	精神分裂症患者11人, 健康对照11人	FB-LPP	赌博任务	相比健康对照组, 精神分裂症患者在自我决定条件下的FB-LPP活动显著降低。

双相情感障碍研究	样本	脑电测量成分	实验任务	结论
Mason et al., 2016	双相情感障碍患者20人, 健康对照19人	FRN FB-P3	轮盘赌博任务	相比健康对照组, 双相情感障碍患者FRN和N1波活动增强, FB-P3波活动无显著差异。
Ryu et al., 2017	双相情感障碍躁狂期患者24人, 稳定期患者20人, 健康对照24人	FRN	概率性奖励任务	相比健康对照组, 双相情感障碍躁狂期和稳定期患者表现出增强的FRN活动。
Ryu et al., 2021	双相情感障碍躁狂期患者24人, 稳定期20人, 健康对照30人	FRN	最后通牒实验	与健康对照组相反, 双相情感障碍稳定期患者对不公平条件的反应比对公平条件的反应表现出减弱的FRN活动。躁狂期患者在公平和不公平条件之间的FRN波幅没有显著差异。
Wang, Wu et al., 2021	双相情感障碍抑郁期患者24人, 健康对照20人	FRN	经典的赌博任务	与健康对照组相比, 损失会引起双相情感障碍抑郁期患者更大的FRN波反应, 而在奖励条件下两组的FRN波活动无显著差异。