The unidimensional basic psychological need satisfactions from the additive, synergistic and balanced perspectives

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.02076

Abstract

Abstract:

Studying basic psychological needs in a unidimensional way supplements the general framework of need satisfaction research by exploring the uniqueness of each need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, or competence satisfaction). This article reviews the theoretical basis of the psychological mechanisms (the intrinsic motivation and the internalization of extrinsic motivation) and the research status quo of the need satisfaction successively from three unidimensional perspectives, i.e., the additive, synergistic and balanced perspectives. Notably, inspired by the three perspectives, the article provides insights for the “limited interchangeability” of each need satisfaction’s influence on individuals’ psychological functioning. Future studies may keep digging the need satisfactions from the three unidimensional perspectives, and explore the compensatory association among the three need satisfactions, the neurological basis of each need satisfaction, and the basic psychological need frustrations in a unidimensional way.

Key words: need satisfactions, Self-determination Theory, additive perspective, synergistic perspective, balanced perspective

CLC Number:

B848

CHEN Chen, LIU Yuxin, ZHAO Chen. The unidimensional basic psychological need satisfactions from the additive, synergistic and balanced perspectives[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2020, 28(12): 2076-2090.

Figures/Tables 2

References 92

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视角类型	独立视角	协同视角	平衡视角
视角描述	自主、归属或能力满足是否会独立地影响个体的成长、整合和幸福。	两种或三种需要满足是否会整合性地影响个体的成长、整合和幸福, 聚焦于需要满足间的协同性或交互作用。	聚焦于三种需要满足“量”上的均衡性对个体的成长、整合和幸福的影响。
理论基础	自主、归属和能力满足分别通过提供意愿支持、关系支持和积极反馈作用于内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。	需要满足间通过共享的内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。	较为平衡的需要满足会通过内部动机和内化水平较高的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。
研究意义	开始关注三种需要满足间的“异质”性; 论证了每种需要满足的重要性。	有助于探索两种或三种需要满足对个体的整合性影响; 论证了需要满足的互补性或可替代性, 即由于交互作用的存在, 某种需要的满足对个体的影响可部分地由另一种需要满足所替代。	不仅认可三种需要满足存在“质”的差异, 而且开始关注需要满足“量”上均衡的重要性; 在协同视角回答需要满足“可否”被替代的基础上, 旨在界定某种需要可被替代的底线和边界。与协同视角彼此补充, 相得益彰。

视角类型	独立视角	协同视角	平衡视角
视角描述	自主、归属或能力满足是否会独立地影响个体的成长、整合和幸福。	两种或三种需要满足是否会整合性地影响个体的成长、整合和幸福, 聚焦于需要满足间的协同性或交互作用。	聚焦于三种需要满足“量”上的均衡性对个体的成长、整合和幸福的影响。
理论基础	自主、归属和能力满足分别通过提供意愿支持、关系支持和积极反馈作用于内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。	需要满足间通过共享的内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。	较为平衡的需要满足会通过内部动机和内化水平较高的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。
研究意义	开始关注三种需要满足间的“异质”性; 论证了每种需要满足的重要性。	有助于探索两种或三种需要满足对个体的整合性影响; 论证了需要满足的互补性或可替代性, 即由于交互作用的存在, 某种需要的满足对个体的影响可部分地由另一种需要满足所替代。	不仅认可三种需要满足存在“质”的差异, 而且开始关注需要满足“量”上均衡的重要性; 在协同视角回答需要满足“可否”被替代的基础上, 旨在界定某种需要可被替代的底线和边界。与协同视角彼此补充, 相得益彰。