Abstract: Studies of numerical cognition have made significant advance in recent years. This review comments on the two numerical representation systems of different underlying language dependency. The review includes the newly proposed dual core-systems of non-verbal numerical representations, evidence of language dependence of the exact numerical operations and the storage of arithmetic facts, the study series of language influence on the development of numerical ability in early childhood, the new evidence from brain science on the relationship between language and numerical cognition. Proposed issues for further studies include the cognitive mechanism of non-verbal numerical representations, as well as the existence of other numerical representations of language independence

Key words: Language, Numerical cognition, Numerical representation, Brain mechanism, Children