心理科学进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1504-1516.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2023.01504
叶方1,2,3, 邱惠林4, 蒋柯1,2,3(), 李长瑾1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:
2022-07-26
出版日期:
2023-08-15
发布日期:
2023-05-12
通讯作者:
蒋柯, E-mail: jiangke@wmu.edu.cn;李长瑾, E-mail: muzi219@163.com
YE Fang1,2,3, QIU Huilin4, JIANG Ke1,2,3(), LI Changjin1,2,3(
)
Received:
2022-07-26
Online:
2023-08-15
Published:
2023-05-12
摘要:
角色交换(role reversal)是心理剧(psychodrama)治疗的基本技术之一。基于莫雷诺的经典理论, 角色即当事人的自我展现。当代心理剧治疗实践在莫雷诺理论的基础上积累了丰富的临床经验, 但缺乏一个有解释力的理论来整合性地说明心理剧治疗的工作机制。预测加工理论从角色交换体验的分析出发, 说明了角色交换过程中个体自身位的“主角”与交换位的“对角”之间的互动与建构关系。根据预测加工理论, 角色交换是一种自我建构过程。在从单次角色交换治疗到整个治疗过程的不同层面上, 这个自我建构过程分别体现为: (1)角色交换产生了信号类型的改变; (2)角色交换带来了模型的更新; (3)新的人际模型在互动建构中生成。总结起来, 运用预测加工理论来解释角色交换的结构化特征, 将能促进这项技术在临床治疗中发挥更好的效果。
中图分类号:
叶方, 邱惠林, 蒋柯, 李长瑾. (2023). 基于预测加工理论的角色交换解释模型. 心理科学进展 , 31(8), 1504-1516.
YE Fang, QIU Huilin, JIANG Ke, LI Changjin. (2023). Interpretation model of role reversal based on predictive processing theory. Advances in Psychological Science, 31(8), 1504-1516.
图2 预测误差与模型更新过程 注: 当个体在主角位置产生的预测信号和输入信号匹配时, 个体会巩固自己的模型; 当两者不匹配时, 预测误差刺激个体更新自己的模型或改变环境。个体在对角位置的预测机制同理。个体在主角位置的预测信号和输入信号, 转换到对角位置时变成输入信号和预测信号。通过从主角到对角的位置转换, 更有可能促进个体通过调节模型来减小预测误差, 并实现主角模型与对角模型的更好匹配。在单次角色交换中“改变环境”有多种含义, 故在图中省略。
图3 角色交换的互动网络模型 注: (a)主角和对角的模型是有层级结构的。虚线表示经过多次角色交换, 两个模型的相同层级相互建构。在整个工作过程中, 两个模型进行清晰的概念化的层级顺序为: n-1到n+1。个体的角色经历了从角色取得到角色创造的发展。(b)表示同一层级的两个模型相互作用的因果贝叶斯网络。H1、H2为主角的假设变量, H3、H4为对角的假设变量。P1、P2为主角的预测变量, P3、P4为对角的预测变量。i1-i10为中间变量。
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