心理健康服务的文化胜任力：理论取向与实践策略

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.00661

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

心理健康服务的文化胜任力随着欧美对多元文化群体的重视而逐渐发展起来。该领域存在两种不同的理论取向及相应的实践策略。内容取向关注静态的、结构化的文化胜任力; 过程取向则关注动态的、非结构化的文化胜任力。两种取向的异同体现了文化胜任力的研究和实践中对文化特异性和普遍性因素的平衡。在此基础上, 本文最后讨论了如何参考国外经验, 立足中国现实问题和加强社会心理服务体系建设的大背景, 来发展中国的文化胜任力。

关键词: 文化胜任力, 心理健康服务, 心理咨询, 心理治疗, 多元文化主义

Abstract:

The cultural competence of mental health services has gradually developed as increasing attention has been paid to the cultural diversity of Europe and North America. There exist two differing theoretical orientations with similar practice strategies. The content-oriented approach emphasizes static, structured cultural competence, while the process-oriented approach stresses dynamic, unstructured cultural competence. The similarities and difficulties of the two orientations are manifestations of a balance between cultural specificity and generality in the studies and practices of cultural competence. The paper finally explores how to promote cultural competence in China based on experiences abroad and Chinese realities within the context of improving the system of public psychological services.

Key words: cultural competence, mental health services, counselling, psychotherapy, multiculturalism

中图分类号:

陈子晨, 姜鹤. (2020). 心理健康服务的文化胜任力：理论取向与实践策略. 心理科学进展 , 28(4), 661-672.

CHEN Zichen, JIANG He. (2020). Cultural competence in mental health services: Theoretical orientations and practical strategies. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(4), 661-672.

图/表 1

参考文献 85

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	内容取向	过程取向
出发点	解决少数族群的心理健康不平等问题	关注影响心理健康问题的普遍性社会文化动力
关注点	文化胜任力的“内容”	实现文化胜任力的“过程”
文化胜任力的界定	服务提供者或服务活动满足特定多元文化群体需求的能力和特征	根据普遍性的文化原则为具体个案提供文化胜任服务的能力
文化视角	基于群体(族群)的文化特征	基于个体或跨群体的文化特征
实践策略	建构服务提供者的能力指标和培训体系(技能模型)	培养关于服务动力过程的文化意识和技巧(个案中心的策略)
实践策略	对干预方法或服务系统进行文化改编(适应模型)	用针对服务过程的通用文化工具支持文化胜任的服务(通用文化工具的策略)

	内容取向	过程取向
出发点	解决少数族群的心理健康不平等问题	关注影响心理健康问题的普遍性社会文化动力
关注点	文化胜任力的“内容”	实现文化胜任力的“过程”
文化胜任力的界定	服务提供者或服务活动满足特定多元文化群体需求的能力和特征	根据普遍性的文化原则为具体个案提供文化胜任服务的能力
文化视角	基于群体(族群)的文化特征	基于个体或跨群体的文化特征
实践策略	建构服务提供者的能力指标和培训体系(技能模型)	培养关于服务动力过程的文化意识和技巧(个案中心的策略)
实践策略	对干预方法或服务系统进行文化改编(适应模型)	用针对服务过程的通用文化工具支持文化胜任的服务(通用文化工具的策略)

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