ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 1070-1078.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.01070

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

组织中的权力：概念、理论和效应

段锦云1;卢志巍1;沈彦晗2   

  • 收稿日期:2014-10-15 出版日期:2015-06-25 发布日期:2015-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 段锦云, E-mail: mgjyduan@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(71372180); 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(14JJD190002); 江苏省‘青蓝工程’; 苏州大学东吴智库课题。

Power in Organization: Concepts, Theories and Effects

DUAN Jinyun1; LU Zhiwei1; SHEN Yanhan2   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, Soochow University; Key Research Institute of Education Ministry-Center for Chinese Urbanization Studies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China) (2 College of Education and Human Development; George Mason University, Fairfax 22030, US)
  • Received:2014-10-15 Online:2015-06-25 Published:2015-06-25
  • Contact: DUAN Jinyun, E-mail: mgjyduan@hotmail.com

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摘要：

组织中的权力是指个体或组织利用资源来实现特定目标的能力, 它存在于关系之中。组织中的权力可分为个人权力和职位权力, 两者对组织的影响并不相同; 同时, 虽然权力与地位同为组织的两个相似基本要素, 但两者概念有所区别且对组织影响也不相同。权力对组织同时具有消极、中性及积极的影响, 并可以通过三种理论进行解释。分析权力为何会对组织产生不同的影响, 存在着5种可能的原因：(1)组织制度、(2)组织文化、(3)组织层级的不稳定、(4)组织间竞争、及(5)权力动机。未来, 组织中权力的研究可以从以下三个方面推进：(1)关注归属感对组织中权力的影响, (2)关注问责对组织中权力的影响, 和(3)关注组织中权力的跨关系一致性。

关键词: 权力, 地位, 组织情境, 权力理论, 权力效应

Abstract:

Power in organization is defined as the capacity to achieve the specific goals by using resources and it exists in the human relationship. Power in organization can be classified as positional power and personal power, which have different impacts on organization. Although both power and status are basic elements of organization, they are different constructs and have different effects. Power may have negative, neutral and positive effects on organization, which can be explained by three theories. To analysis why power can have different effects, there are five reasons, which include 1) organization system, 2) organizational culture, 3) instability within organization hierarchy, 4) intergroup competition, and 5) power-related motives. Further research on power in organization can be improved in the following aspects, including 1) considering the effect of belongingness on power, 2) considering how accountability moderates power effects, 3) considering the cross-relationship effects of power in the organization.

Key words: power, status, organizational situation, theory of power, effect of power