关键词: 判断偏差, 认知-生态取样, 取样偏差, 刺激分布, 元认知

Abstract: Lots of research on judgment biases held assumptions that the judgment biases were derived from the individual’s motives and cognitive shortcomings. However, the studies of cognitive-ecological sampling offered an alternative account that the sampling process was not fully under the individual’s cognitive control but was greatly affected by the distribution of information in the environment. The resulting samples tend to be biased for the interaction between cognition and the environment, and the sampling biases carry over to subsequent judgments. From the cognitive-ecological approach, the studies of judgment biases should focus on the following four aspects: the variants of sample-based judgment，the distribution of stimuli in the environment, the sampling process and the resulting samples, psychological assumptions and limitations. Future research issues are presented and discussed

Key words: judgment bias, cognitive-ecological sampling, sampling bias, distribution of stimuli, meta-cognition