ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1371-1385.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2026.1371 cstr: 32111.14.2026.1371

• 元分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国老年人老化态度的变迁趋势及社会成因

宋皓杰1, 殷倩1, 张强2, 杨燕绥3   

  1. 1郑州大学商学院, 郑州 450000;
    2深圳市卫生健康发展研究和数据管理中心, 深圳 518028;
    3清华大学公共管理学院, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-06 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-06-03
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA121); 河南省高校哲学社会科学创新人才支持计划(2025-CXRC-06); 广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD24XSH13)

Longitudinal changes and social causes of older adults’ ageing attitudes in China

SONG Haojie1, YIN Qian1, ZHANG Qiang2, YANG Yansui3   

  1. 1School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China;
    2Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen 518028, China;
    3School of Public Policy & Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2025-11-06 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-06-03

摘要: 老化态度是老年人对自身老化进程的心理评价, 现有研究主要从个体层面阐释其成因, 但我国老年人老化态度的历史变迁趋势及其社会成因尚不明晰。基于此, 本研究通过对72篇文献(224项独立研究)进行横断历史元分析, 考察了2008年至2023年间我国老年人老化态度的演变趋势及其社会成因。结果显示: (1)老化态度总体水平呈现显著的积极上升趋势, 具体表现为心理成长维度水平的提升与心理社会丧失维度水平的下降, 而生理变化维度水平的演变趋势不显著; (2)福利保障水平(国家老年福利资金人均支出水平以及享有高龄津贴、护理津贴或养老服务津贴老年人数比例)、养老服务水平(机构或社区养老床位数量以及社会工作师数量)、社会参与服务水平(老年协会数量)对老化态度及其心理成长维度和心理社会丧失维度的变迁趋势具有显著预测作用。研究结果厘清了我国老年人老化态度的变迁趋势及其社会成因, 为积极应对人口老龄化提供了学理支撑和实践参考。

关键词: 老化态度, 生理变化, 心理成长, 心理社会丧失, 社会因素, 横断历史元分析

Abstract: Aging attitudes refer to how older adults psychologically evaluate their own aging process. Studies have analyzed the causes of aging attitudes from the perspectives of individual characteristics and family relationships. However, few have explored the social causes of aging attitudes, and even fewer have examined their historical trends over time. According to social ecosystem theory, aging attitudes are not isolated within individuals; rather, they are psychological states that evolve through interactions with the social environment. Nevertheless, the temporal trends of aging attitudes among Chinese older adults and their social causes remain unclear. To address this gap, this study conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis of 72 articles (224 independent studies, N=48,539) to examine the changing trends and social causes of aging attitudes among Chinese older adults from 2008 to 2023.
The results revealed two main findings. (1) The overall level of aging attitudes showed a significant upward trend over the 16-year period, characterized by an increase in the psychological growth dimension and a decline in the psychosocial loss dimension, while no significant change was observed in the physical change dimension. Specifically, over the past sixteen years, the aging attitudes level among older adults in China increased by 2.70 z-scores. The physical change dimension level decreased by 0.75 z-scores, the psychological growth dimension level increased by 1.65 z-scores, and the psychosocial loss dimension level decreased by 2.40 z-scores. (2) Social welfare subsidies (i.e., per capita national expenditure on elderly welfare, and the proportions of older adults receiving old-age allowances, care allowances, and elderly service allowances), elderly care services (i.e., the number of care beds and the number of social workers in institutions and communities), and social participation services (i.e., the number of associations for older adults) significantly predicted changes in aging attitudes. However, the results also revealed differences in the effects of these social factors. First, regarding welfare security, the per capita national expenditure on elderly welfare and the proportion of older adults receiving old-age allowances had significant and long-term positive effects on aging attitudes. In contrast, the effects of the proportions of older adults receiving care allowances and elderly service allowances were primarily short-term. Second, regarding elderly care services, the number of institutional and community care beds and the number of social workers showed significant immediate positive effects on aging attitudes, but these lagged effects diminished notably. Third, regarding social participation services, the number of older adult associations had a significant positive effect on aging attitudes, but this effect only emerged with a two-year lag.
This study makes two major contributions. First, it reveals the long-term dynamic trajectory of aging attitudes and the differential trends across its dimensions. Previous cross-sectional studies have focused on individual differences at single time points, which cannot capture how aging attitudes change over time. Focusing on the period of accelerated population aging in China from 2008 to 2023, this study presents the historical trend of aging attitudes and reveals distinct trends across dimensions: psychosocial loss dimension significantly decreased over time, psychological growth dimension significantly increased, while the physical change dimension showed no significant change. These findings deepen the understanding of aging attitudes as a multidimensional construct and illuminate its dynamic and complex nature. Second, grounded in social ecosystem theory, this study examines the effects of welfare security, elderly care services, medical services, and social participation services on the changes in aging attitudes. The results reveal differentiated effect patterns: universal and residual welfare subsidies have different temporal sustainability effects; elderly care services provide primarily immediate psychological benefits; and social participation services exhibit a significant lagged effect. These findings demonstrate that the social environment exerts an effect on psychological cognition, and they further reveal the complex temporal boundary conditions of this effect, specifically immediate, short-term, and long-term effects.

Key words: aging attitude, physical changes, psychological growth, psychosocial loss, social factors, cross- temporal meta-analysis

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