第一印象中面孔-人格知觉和语音-人格知觉的异同

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00684

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人们会根据陌生人的面孔线索或语音线索迅速地对其人格特质进行主观推断而形成第一印象。面孔-人格知觉第一印象和语音-人格知觉第一印象在维度结构和内在机制上具有相似性; 在对具体人格特质和维度的敏感性, 以及具体的认知机制方面又具有各自的特异性。未来研究可以基于同一批被知觉者开展面孔-人格知觉第一印象和语音-人格知觉第一印象的直接比较, 并着力探究二者的过程特点, 以及人格知觉第一印象形成时面孔和语音知觉的跨模态整合效应。

关键词: 第一印象, 人格知觉, 面孔, 语音

Abstract:

People can quickly form the first impression of the strangers’ personality according to their face cues and/or voice cues. To explore the difference and the similarity of these two ways of personality perception, we compared these two sides of studies reported by the same teams.

Firstly, both the first impression of face-personality perception and the first impression of voice-personality perception have similar two -dimensional structure models. Some studies had named them as "valence-dominance dimensional model" and others had named them as "approachability-capability dimensional model". The two dimensions reflect inference about the person’s intentions——harmful v.s. harmless, and the person’s ability to implement these intentions, respectively. Furthermore, considering from the perspectives of occurrence and development, cognitive formation mechanism, physiological mechanism and neural mechanism, the internal mechanism of the first impression of face- and voice-personality perception are similar to some extent.

On the other hand, there are some differences between the first impression of face- and voice-personality perception, including being different in some specific personality traits contained in the same dimension, the rate of the total variation explained by the same dimension or the personality traits, and the perceived reliability of the same dimension, etc.. Such differences indicate that, during the formation of the first impression of personality perception, the face and the voice cues are different in sensitive personality traits and sensitive dimensions. Face cues may be more sensitive to the valence/approachability dimension and the related personality traits, while voice cues may be more sensitive to the dominance/capability dimension and the related personality traits. In addition, face cues and voice cues provide different physical properties for the overgeneralization of cognition to rely on, therefore, the cognitive process and the results of the overgeneralization vary between these two modality processing, that is, the overgeneralization for some specific content and cognitive mechanism have the modal specificity. Some studies have disclosed neural evidence that the differences between two modal processing were manifested in the early stage of cognitive processing.

Therefore, it is valuable to know the whole picture and the essence of similarities and differences between the first impression of face- and voice-personality perception. Their similarities consist of the basis for the integration of face-voice cues in the first impression of personality perception. Their differences indicate that face and voice would have adaptive weight allocation in the integration of personality perception. In the future study, it is necessary to directly compare the first impression of face- and voice-personality perception based on the same group of participants who provided the face and the voice stimuli, so as to directly, systematically and comprehensively reveal their similarities and differences. Secondly, since previous studies mainly used the open -ended subjective evaluation as the experimental task, focusing on the results of the first impression of personality perception, future research can design experimental tasks compatible with neuro-imaging techniques and investigate the process characteristics of the first impression of face- and voice -personality perception. In addition, as the sensitive personality traits and sensitive dimensions of faces and voice cues might be different, it is important to explore how people integrate these two sources of information and form a holistic first impression of personality perception.

Key words: first impression, personality perception, face, voice

中图分类号:

B849: C91

李东, 吴琦, 闫向博, 崔倩, 蒋重清. (2022). 第一印象中面孔-人格知觉和语音-人格知觉的异同. 心理科学进展 , 30(3), 684-692.

LI Dong, WU Qi, YAN Xiangbo, CUI Qian, JIANG Zhongqing. (2022). Similarities and differences between face-personality perception and voice-personality perception in first impression. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(3), 684-692.

图/表 3

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维度内容	面孔研究	语音研究
“效价(valence)”和 “支配性(dominance)”	Jones et al., 2021	Baus et al., 2019 McAleer et al., 2014
	Oosterhof & Todorov, 2008
	Morrison et al., 2017
	Wang et al., 2016
“亲和性(approachability)”和“能力(capability)”	吴琦等, 2020	Wu et al., 2021
“亲和性(approachability)”和“能力(capability)”	Wang et al., 2019	Wu et al., 2021

维度内容	面孔研究	语音研究
“效价(valence)”和 “支配性(dominance)”	Jones et al., 2021	Baus et al., 2019 McAleer et al., 2014
	Oosterhof & Todorov, 2008
	Morrison et al., 2017
	Wang et al., 2016
“亲和性(approachability)”和“能力(capability)”	吴琦等, 2020	Wu et al., 2021
“亲和性(approachability)”和“能力(capability)”	Wang et al., 2019	Wu et al., 2021