员工社会资本跨层次契合的动态演化过程及双向作用机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.00206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

员工社会资本向企业社会资本的转化是拓展员工价值、获取外部资源的有效途径, 为阐释这一多层次主体互动现象, 提出社会资本跨层次契合的构念, 运用跨层次追踪研究设计, 对其动态演化过程和双向作用机制进行剖析。首先, 探索员工社会资本跨层次契合的维度结构, 并基于此开发跨层次契合量表; 其次, 对社会资本跨层次契合进行过程解构, 探讨员工心理与行为、企业能力与情境在动态演化过程中的作用; 再次, 构建自上而下和自下而上的嵌入与涌现机制理论模型, 将影响员工社会资本跨层次契合的多层次因素整合到同一个理论框架, 并以纵向追踪数据进行实证检验, 厘清作用路径和作用边界。在此基础上, 运用追踪跨案例研究方法, 探讨社会资本跨层次契合的战略选择, 研究结论能为激发员工角色外行为, 有效利用社会资本的管理实践提供启示。

关键词: 社会资本, 跨层次契合, 员工-组织关系, 过程解构, 双向作用机制

Abstract:

The transformation of employee social capital to enterprise social capital is an effective way to explore employee value and obtain external resource. In order to illustrate the multi-level subject interaction, this study proposes a new construct of social capital cross-level fit, and analyzes its dynamic process and reciprocal effect using cross-level longitudinal study. We explore the dimensions of this construct and develop an inventory to access it. We further deconstruct the evolvement of social capital cross-level fit, discussing the effect of employees’ psychology and behavior, enterprise capability and situation in this dynamic process. Finally, we construct top-down and down-top theoretical model of emergence and embedded effect that integrates multilevel factors, and clarify function route and boundary conditions through empirical analysis of tracing data. On this basis, we discuss strategic choice of cross-level fit through longitudinal cross-case study, offering suggestions for enterprise to motivate extra-role behavior and utilize social capital effectively.

Key words: social capital, cross-level fit, employee-organization relationship, process deconstruction, reciprocal effect

中图分类号:

B849：C93

郑方, 孙秀丽, 郝喜玲. (2020). 员工社会资本跨层次契合的动态演化过程及双向作用机制. 心理科学进展 , 28(2), 206-219.

ZHENG Fang, SUN Xiuli, HAO Xiling. (2020). The dynamic process and reciprocal effect of employee social capital cross-level fit. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(2), 206-219.

图/表 4

图1 本研究内容框架

图2 员工社会资本跨层次契合的动态演化过程注：e表示企业; i表示员工; o表示联结对象。

图3 员工社会资本跨层次契合的双向作用机制注：上方虚线框内是企业层次的构念, 下方虚线框内是个体层次的构念; T1、T2、T3表示数据收集的时间节点。

图4 从个体层次到企业层次自下而上的涌现机制注：组合式和合成式涌现图示中箭头下方代表不同个体的社会资本, 箭头上方代表跨层次生成的企业社会资本。

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