任务转换训练和执行功能可塑性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01667

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

任务转换训练是提高个体执行功能的方法之一。学者们采用不同的任务范式进行任务转换训练。研究结果发现, 任务转换训练可以降低个体的转换代价、提高其他认知任务的绩效。训练效果可以维持一定的时间。但是, 也有研究未发现明显的迁移效果和维持效果。年龄、其他执行成分的参与度、认知灵活性和策略可能会影响训练效果。任务转换训练可能通过提高个体解决任务设置冲突的能力、提高与任务转换相关的额-顶脑网络的参与程度以及建立自下而上的自动控制来提高个体的转换能力。未来研究应当对现有研究方法和程序进行标准化, 从执行功能整体与分离的结构特征角度看待任务转换训练, 寻找更为灵活的训练手段, 如tDCS技术。

关键词: 转换, 执行功能, 任务转换训练

Abstract:

The task-switching training is one of the approaches used to improve executive functions. Different paradigms are used to study the effects of training. While, few studies have investigated that the task-switching training could reduce switch cost and improve the performance of other cognitive tasks. On the other hand, the effects could be maintained for a certain period of time. However, some studies did not find significant transfer effect. Therefore, training efficiency is also affected by age, participation’s other executive function components, cognitive flexibility, and strategy. Moreover, task-switching training may improve the ability of set-shifting through three ways: improve the ability to resolve task-setting conflicts, increase the participation of the frontal-parietal network, and establish bottom-up automatic control. Future research should standardize the existing research methods and procedures, consider the task switching training from the unity and diverse perspective. Research also needs to look for more flexible training methods, such as tDCS.

Key words: shifting, executive functions, task-switching training

中图分类号:

B842

王梓宇, 孔子叶, 朱荣娟, 游旭群. (2019). 任务转换训练和执行功能可塑性. 心理科学进展 , 27(10), 1667-1676.

WANG Ziyu, KONG Ziye, ZHU Rongjuan, YOU Xuqun. (2019). Task-switching training and plasticity of executive function. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(10), 1667-1676.

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