ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 132-142.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2016.00132

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

团队决策中的共享信息偏差：基于隐藏文档范式的机制、影响因素探究

陈婷;孙晓敏   

  1. (北京师范大学心理学院, 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室, 北京 100875)
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-24 出版日期:2016-01-15 发布日期:2016-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 孙晓敏, E-mail: sunxiaomin@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目资助(71101012); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

Shared information bias in group decision-making: Based on hidden profile paradigm

CHEN Ting; SUN Xiaomin   

  1. (School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental
    Psychology, Beijing 100875, China)
  • Received:2014-11-24 Online:2016-01-15 Published:2016-01-15
  • Contact: SUN Xiaomin, E-mail: sunxiaomin@bnu.edu.cn

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摘要：

在决策任务中, 团队由于拥有来自不同成员的多样信息, 因此通常被认为能够较个体做出更高质量的决策。但大量的研究结果表明, 团队对于信息的利用并非十分有效, 表现在团队会更多地讨论所有成员都拥有的信息(即共享信息), 而相对忽视了每个成员所独有的信息(即非共享信息), 这种现象被称为“共享信息偏差(Shared information bias)” (Stasser & Titus, 1985)。共享信息偏差的存在阻碍了团队获取更高质量的决策结果。本文基于隐藏文档范式, 针对共享信息偏差的产生原因, 分别介绍了信息取样模型、动态信息取样模型、相互提升效应、偏好效应这4种解释机制, 并归纳总结了信息分布、团队任务特征、成员特征及动机因素这4类影响因素的作用。最后, 从结合团队认知、探究情绪因素及整合团队有效性框架这三个方面对未来的研究进行了展望。

关键词: 共享信息偏差, 隐藏文档范式, 团队决策, 信息分享

Abstract:

In decision-making tasks, groups are often expected to achieve better decision quality than individuals because groups possess various information from their members. But a lot of research results showed that groups are not as effective as expected in using the various information. Groups tend to focus more on the information possessed by all members (shared information) than on the information possessed by an individual member (unshared information). This phenomenon is called “Shared Information Bias “(Stasser & Titus, 1985). The existence of shared information bias hinders the groups from achieving better decision quality. Based on the hidden profile paradigm, this paper illustrated the mechanisms of shared information bias from four perspectives, namely information sampling model, dynamic collective information sampling model, mutual enhancement effect, and preference effect. Also, this paper summarized the roles of four influential factors including information distribution, group task characteristics, member characteristic, and motivation factors. Future researches could focus on combining the team cognition, exploring the influences of affective factors, and integrating the group decision effectiveness model.

Key words: shared information bias, hidden profile paradigm, group decision-making, information sharing